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Sense of social comparison fair selection of the reference object Commentary


Summary employees a sense of fairness depends on social comparison of the reference object, the object choice of law analysis reference to understand the sense of fairness is the core issue of the formation mechanism. First, a sense of social comparison on a fair reference object types and features, refer to the object selected stability were introduced, and then analyzes the impact of motivation with reference to the object selected, personal,Beats By Dre Studio, environment ,Salvatore Ferragamo outlet, and cognitive factors, and finally focused on analyzing the current research problems, such as the use of the questionnaire with reference to the object selected employees can not reveal the true psychology the process, and propose future research in the use of qualitative research methods to explore the Chinese Organization employee groups of reference objects and other new ideas.
Keywords sense of fairness; social comparison; reference object
words B849: C91

1 equity theory with reference to the object

theoretical maximum contribution to a fair lies in the subjective sense of fairness will be the psychological point of view of social comparison process with the objective to describe and explain, but, as Colquitt, Conlon, Wesson, Porter and Ng pointed out, the sense of fairness is still a subjective process, the subjectivity important manifestation is that the choice of reference object. International magazine lies in understanding employees in a fair selection process of social comparison with reference objects of the law. Greenberg's research on the fair field for the system to summarize, present seven problems to be studied, one of which is how people choose reference objects.
reference object on the impact of sense of fairness, previous studies found that people judge for the fair distribution of the results depends not only on their own whether to get a favorable distribution of the results, but also depends on the distribution of the results obtained with reference to the object between the two there are interaction effects; reference object is not only a sense of distributive justice affect, or even a sense of procedural fairness will have an impact. For example, Fox and Dayan in stock for the study of the background and found investment 's sense of injustice depends not only on their personal investment success or failure, but also by the impact investment results with reference to the object of social comparable results. Lee and Shin of the Korean researchers for the study, found that when people refer to the distribution of the object is not the same sense of fairness will produce changes even affect the sense of procedural fairness. In the study, private research institutions and public research institutes, researchers set the reference object according to the researchers to Tianda sense of distributive justice and procedural fairness of the questionnaire, the results show that, with their colleagues as a reference object, private and public research institutions researchers in the distribution sense of fairness, sense of procedural fairness are not significant differences, but University researchers as a reference object, both a sense of distributive justice, procedural fairness, then there exists a sense of significant differences. Collie, Bradley and Sparks studied service to remedy the effects of context in the light of the object, and found that the subject's sense of fairness and satisfaction by reference to the object of a significant effect: experience the same service failure, when the reference object to be service recovery than their own, the subject's sense of distributive justice and satisfaction is very low; when they receive the service recovery is better than light objects, a sense of fairness and satisfaction are greatly improved.


seen, in order to understand the formation mechanism of a sense of fairness that people must know how to choose the reference object. foreign researchers in the field after nearly 30 years of research have yielded some results, but also encountered some problems. The purpose of this paper describes these results on the one hand, to arouse the interest of national researchers, more important to analyze the current problems in the field, looking for direction for further research.

2 refer to the types of objects and features

2.1 with reference to the object classification
Adams's equity theory that a fair comparison of the reference object is the most important people, but sometimes will work with their own past experience as a reference object. Oldham, Kulik,replica oakley sunglasses, Stepina and Amborse that, in addition to others and themselves, the people make a fair comparison, there is an important class of reference objects: The system, which compares with the organization's commitment; In addition, the points within the organization and others outside the organization to others.
Kulik and Ambrose made reference to the object classification time dimension,Beats By Dre Headphones, that the object of comparison with the reference time span can be divided into three categories: past, present and foreseeable future. In general, the fair comparison of the reference object can be divided into 3 × 4, a total of 12 species. However, Kulik and Ambrose also pointed out that when their own as a reference object, the time dimension has a certain significance,herve leger sale, such as the wages of their own past or the future potential career as a reference object; to others and the system as a reference object, the time dimension meaningful degree, it is generally only consider the case of another person or organization now, because the person or organization the past information is difficult to obtain, the future is unpredictable.

2.2 refer to characteristics of the object
Levine and Moreland pointed out that a fair comparison with reference to the social object has two basic characteristics: similarities and availability; Smith believes that people tend to and who are like them for comparison, with reference to the object and the higher their similarity, their influence on the greater sense of fairness. Schaubroeck and Lam by a Hong Kong Bank of field studies have verified: when an employee's promotion application is rejected, the more perceived similarity with the reference object, the sense of injustice and envy the more strong. Kulik and Ambrose pointed out that in many cases, reference to the object of choice depends primarily on availability, only the information in multiple reference objects are available under the premise from which to make choices according to similarity. In short, the existing studies that compare the reference for a fair society should have a similar object and accessibility of the two basic characteristics.

2.3 refer to the stability of the object selected
equity theory that when people feel unfair, will have a great psychological pressure, resulting in various responses made to eliminate this pressure, including changing the reference object. Can infer that people object to the choice of reference stability is not high, especially in unfair situations. However, Oldham and so that, in general, with reference to the object affect their choice of a variety of factors are difficult or very little change, so the choice of reference objects should have relatively high stability. Stepina and Perrewe longitudinal study results support this view. The researchers were asked to evaluate the fairness of their pay and report the most important reference object, the interval after 24 months were asked to report once again. The results show that the effective sample of 120 people, most subjects did not change with reference to the object; the first report of unfair pay the 88 subjects, most of the reference object did not change. The researchers believe that social comparison theory, a fair number of reference objects, but in reality because of information availability and similarity of the restriction, to change the reference objects are not likely. In short, a fair comparison of the reference objects of social choice has considerable stability, which is explored with reference to the object of the law provides the basis for selection.

3 factors with reference to the object selected
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