• 5.2.10% s format characters - output string
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% S format characters to the output string. The output of the list behind the data must be string. The output string with% s format, can be between% and s,
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• 5.2.11% f format character - Real output data
•% f format operator, is used to output real data types, including single and double precision data. To decimal form of output. • (1)% f •% f does not specify an integer and decimal digits,
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ecco shoes on sale, such as: • float x = 21111111.11; • float y = 32221111.22; • printf (\: • 53332224.000000 • (2)% m.nf •% m.nf m in the direction the real numbers, including integers,
ecco boot, decimal and fractional occupation of m were only the width of characters. If the actual occupancy is less than the width of m, then fill in the spaces left. n is the real output to the specified, only the output of n decimal places. Such as: • double x = 111.11; • double y = 222.22; • printf (\; 333.3 • (3)%-m.nf •%-m.nf and% m.nf basically the same, but the actual output of the data in Rugao width m is less than the specified width make space on the right. Such as: • float x = 123.456; • printf (\: • 123.456001 - 123.456001-- 123.46 - 123.46 - 123.46 • 5.2.12% e format character - the index of real output in the form
•% e exponential format of the output character is real. Is similar to the so-called exponential form like 1.234e +002. • (1)% e • do not specify the output data in the number of characters share the screen width, do not specify the number of part and fractional part digits, assigned automatically by the system are given six decimal places, the index 5, such as e +002, which accounts for one e, + or - accounting for one, the index accounts for 3. The form of standardized index values output by the so-called standard exponential form is the integer part of the one and only one non-zero number, such as: • float x = 123.456; • printf (\+002 • (2)% m.ne,%-m.ne • Similarly, you can specify the data output to the number of characters occupied by the width specified by m, n to specify the data through the digital part of the number of decimal places . Such as: • float x = 1234567890123456789.456; • printf (\- 1.23e +018- 1.2345679396e +018 • 5.2.13% g format character - Auto existing% f or% e form of the output
•% g format is used to output real character. % G real value based on the size, automatically select the% f or% e format, format, selection criteria for the output space in a smaller width. 0 does not make sense without the output, such as: • float x = 1234567890123456789.456; • printf (\e +018 • 5.2.14 printf function Summary
• printf function is the key in the format string. The general form of the format string: •% [flags] [output minimum width] [. Precision] [length] conversion specifier • Align the mark where the mark includes ,\alignment, through the meeting space makes the string output alignment. Signs can also use the number 0, indicates that the output figures, can be filled with 0 on the left. Such as: • int x = 123; • printf (\Precision for real numbers, the direct number of decimal places; on the string, it indicates the number of characters in the interception. Length by l said that the main display long integer data. • 5.3 Character and string output puts out putchar
• Sometimes, just to print a character on the display screen, then use the printf function is a powerful, anti-aircraft guns to fight mosquitoes is quite suspect, C provides a library function putchar to accomplish this simple task. And sometimes they simply to output a string,
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• putchar function is a character output function, its function is to print a single character in the display. putchar function is a standard C language library functions, and its function prototype in the header file \putchar function of the general format is: • putchar (character data); • putchar which is the function name. • (1) character data can be a character variable, such as: • char c_var = 'a'; • putchar (c_var); • (2) character data can also be a character constant, such as: • putchar ('a' ); • Output: • a • (3) character data can also be an integer. Integer can be a decimal integer, such as: • putchar (65); • Output: • A • (4) character data also can be an expression, as long as the results are less than 255 can be an integer. Such as: • putchar ('a' +25); • Output: • z • (5) character data can be an escape character. Such as: • putchar ('\ n'); • Results output a newline. • putchar ('\ 0101'); • 5.3.2 puts function (string output function)
• puts the function feature is a single, on the display screen output to a string, and wrap. General form: • puts (string); • such as: • puts (\• As with the printf function, scanf function in the name of the representative f word format, meaning that format. The so-called format, is the function in advance to the programmer to define a number of input format, the programmer can select some of these formats, follow these formats, scanf function can follow the format specified to receive keyboard input data. • scanf function can only be used in the console application, a window interface is unable to receive keys by scanf. When the blinking cursor appears in the console, it indicates the program waits for user input data. In the console program, usually on behalf of the Enter key to complete data entry, orders, directs the program to work. scanf function can receive more than any type of data. • 5.4.1 General Form
• scanf function is a standard C language library functions, and its function prototype in the header file \The general form of scanf functions: • scanf (\The address given in the table the address of each variable. Look at: • Code - Demo scanf function is simple to use Scanf • • / * This program demonstrates a simple use of scanf function * / • # include ; • void main (void) • {• int i_number = 0; • printf (\you inputed, it is% d \• now analyze: • int i_number = 0; • program first declare the variable i_number as int, and assign initial value to 0. At this point the reader should be immediately aware of my heart, i_number is a variable name represents an integer variable will occupy 4 bytes of memory storage unit, the variable value is stored in the 4 bytes of memory unit. The variable has an address, do not be too concerned about the specific address, managed by the computer, the program can find the address operator & to get. At this point, the variable i_number in memory, as shown:
• 5.4.3 Rules of multiple data input delimiter
• look at the case of multiple data input, as follows: • Code - Demo scanf function, enter the number of data Scanf2 • • / * This program demonstrates scanf function, enter the number of data * / • # include • void main (void) • {• int i_var1 = 0; • int i_var2 = 0; • int i_var3 = 0; • printf (\3 numbers, separate by space: \d \• scanf function format string consists of the following three characters: • (1) and the printf function • format similar character, scanf format string function to% start to the end of a format character, the middle can insert additional characters . Format of the operator told the scanf function to read what kind of data. • (2) • whitespace whitespace can be a space (space, a space key input), tabs (tab, use the Tab key to enter) and new line characters (newline, use the Enter key input), or they combinations, such as: • □ □ → → is that blank. • (3) non-blank character • Remove white space in addition to demonstrate compliance with the format, that is, non-blank character. Non-blank characters in the user input time, that must be entered. Non-blank character to scanf () in the buffer of characters to read a match and the characters are ignored. For example, \integer stored in a memory space. After reading the comma, and then read another integer. If that does not match the format string, such as not read comma, scanf () returns, read failure.
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