Cha Cha roadmap
is found in southwest China, the caravan of transport as the main non-governmental international trade channels, Southwest China's economic and cultural corridor, Tea Horse Road is a very special region title, is one of the world's most spectacular natural scenery, cultural tourism absolutely the most mysterious goods lines, it can seem endless with the development of cultural heritage.
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Introduction Introduction origin of pattern and significance of the historical development of the historical features of the formation of the historical role of the historical line links the rise of the role of economic development of Tibetan cultural harmony between the three religions of the social and economic value of historical and cultural value opportunities for tourism development of modern documentary film Tea Horse Road Southwest Border from the ancient tea-horse trade, flourished in the Tang and Song, Ming and Qing Sheng, the most prosperous post-World War II. Tea Horse Road sub-Sichuan-Tibet, Yunnan two connecting Sichuan Yunnan-Tibet, extending into Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, in India, until the West Asia, West Africa, the Red Sea coast. Yunnan-Tibet Cha Ma Ancient Road approximately formed
Cha historical photos
Tea Horse Road
in the late sixth century AD, it is the main producing areas south from Simao, Yunnan tea, Pu'er, in the middle after today Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Lijiang, Shangri-La into Tibet, Lhasa direct. Some also from Tibet re-India, Nepal, China and South Asia, the ancient trade route of a major. Pu'er Tea Horse Road is a unique advantage on the origin and transit of goods distribution center, has a long history. Research models and significance of Chang) First, the Tea Horse Road is the highest in the world trade routes terrain. Second, the Tea Horse Road has always been the road of national integration and harmony, which witnessed between various ethnic groups in China and Asia, thousands come to the conclusion of the flesh and blood for tea and emotions. Tibetan epic people and Cha Cha the most profound understanding. Northwest nomads same. Third, the Tea Horse Road is a national migration corridor, it is the eternal home of mankind to find a lot of evidence provided. The Lancang River originates in Qinghai, flows through Tibet, into Yunnan through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and finally from the Vietnam Tea Horse Road towards the south
Road
sea. It is produced in the Lancang River in Yunnan expedition big leaves of tea, Chinese and foreign joint economic and cultural exchanges between nations, we can find many cultural origins. Although the Southwest and Northwest China Tea Horse Road has a large number of people, but the second language of these peoples in the Southwest Mandarin uniform, this is the dissemination of the history of world civilization in rare instances, no doubt another major contribution to the Tea Horse Road. Fourth, the Tea Horse Road is the road of Buddhism is the main channel of world civilization, in the Tea Horse Road, multicultural become integrated. Goods bearing the culture, Tea Horse Road is also a religious path, followers and businessmen accompanied the line, as these areas brought different beliefs. Such as through the northwest Tibetan Buddhism spread to further promote the Naxi, Bai and Tibetan economic and cultural exchanges, enhance friendship between the nations,
skechers outlet,. Describes the origin of mountains and canyons and mountain range in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet, Road, one of the cultural transmission of civilization Old Town of Lijiang which Lashihai near Shaxi Dali town Jianchuan County, Yunnan Station Xiangyun, Pu'er that Curry is well-preserved ruins of Tea Horse Road. Tea Horse Road originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties Kozo is due to its high altitude, above sea level in more than three or four kilometers, tsampa, milk, butter, beef and mutton is the staple food of Tibetans. In cold areas, you need the fat intake of calories, but no vegetables, roasted barley and dry and hot, too much fat in the body not easily broken down and the tea not only to break down fat, but also to prevent hot flashes, and so the lives of Tibetans in the long term , creating a lifestyle drink butter tea in the highlands, but the Tibetan does not grow tea. In China, civil servitude and military expeditions require a lot of mules and horses, but in short supply, and Tibet and Sichuan, Yunnan frontier is produced in the good horse. Thus, complementary tea and horse trading that is Thus, Tibet and Sichuan, Yunnan frontier produced mules, fur, medicinal and tea produced in Sichuan-Yunnan and the Mainland, cloth, salt, and household utensils, etc., in the transverse valley between the mountains of north-south mountain, endless flow, and with the socio-economic development and growing prosperity since the formation of a continuation of the Specifically, the Tea Horse Road is divided into south and north road, the Yunnan-Tibet highway and Sichuan-Tibet Road. Western Yunnan Yunnan-Tibet Road, starting from the tea producing area of Erhai Lake, the Lijiang, Zhongdian (Shangri-La County today), Deqin, Markam, Caya to Qamdo, then possession of Qamdo access to health regions. Yaan, Sichuan Sichuan-Tibet Road Zeyi this area as a starting point along the tea, first into the Kangding, starting from Kangding, Sichuan-Tibet Road was divided into south and north branch: Northern Line north from Kangding, the Daofu, Luhuo, Ganzi, Dege, Jiang Da, arrived in Qamdo (now the Sichuan-Tibet Highway in the Northern Line), then access to health Tibet Qamdo area; southern route is from the south of Kangding, the Ya River, Litang, Batang, Markam, Zogang to Qamdo (now the Sichuan-Tibet Highway south line), then leads Weizang Qamdo area. It should be noted that the above said Tea Horse Road is the main trunk, but also on the Tea Horse Road has long been an a conventional understanding and awareness. In fact, other than the main trunk, the Tea Horse Road also includes a number of extensions, as well as the connectivity of the Songpan-Ya Gannan leads the extension; from the northern part of Sichuan-Tibet Road Extension by the original Tang Ke County (now four-Chuan Dege County) through to Yushu in Qinghai Province, Xining, and even bypass the state Tao (Lintan) of the extension; from the north via Riwoqe Qamdo, Dengqen leading to an extension in northern Tibet, and so on. Because of this, some scholars believe that the history of the And some scholars believe that, although the sweet, the Qinghai-Tibet area by the Tea Horse Road is also a Tibetan input to an important destination for tea, Tea Horse Road and the is another specific concept, its meaning and the And Gansu, Qinghai-Tibet area was not in the history of Tea Horse Road trunk line, which lost possession of the tea is only one of the destinations. The history of the Tea Horse Road is not the only one, but a vast transportation network. It is based on the Sichuan-Tibet Road, Yunnan-Tibet Road and the Qinghai-Tibet Road (Coombe Green Road) Road, three main lines, supplemented by numerous regional, with a line form the road system. Across Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai, Tibet, reaching out to South Asia, West Asia, Central Asia and Southeast Asia, as far as Europe. Three road in order to open the Sichuan-Tibet Road, the first and largest traffic, the larger historical role. This article discusses far as Sichuan-Tibet Tea-Horse Road, it is not this reach of channel. Tea Horse Road in Yunnan, Tibet line is: Xishuangbanna - Pu'er - Dali - Lijiang - Shangri-La - Deqin - Zayu - Banda - Nyingchi - Lhasa. To Lhasa of tea, but also export to India by the Himalayas, Calcutta, a large number of marketing Europe and Asia, making it become an international channel. This international channel,
skechers women, life and death in the occasion of the Chinese Anti-Japanese War played an important role. According to historical records of historical development, Chinese tea was first transmitted to the overseas can be traced back to Northern and Southern Dynasties. Chinese businessmen were adjacent to the border with Mongolia, by way of barter tea, tea export to Turkey. Sui and Tang dynasties, with the development and expansion of border trade market, coupled with the opening of the Silk Road, Chinese tea to tea-horse trade the way, the Uighur and other Western Regions to the West Asia, North Asia and Arab countries such as transportation, eventually finding the middle of Siberia, the final arrived in Russia and European countries. From the Tang Dynasty, rulers are actively taking control of the means of tea-horse trading. Tang Suzong D'Dynasty (AD 756) to the first year of the millennium, in rode Mongolia Chashi Uighur region, creating a precedent for tea-horse trading. Northern Song Dynasty, tea-horse trading areas, mainly in Shaanxi and Gansu, easy horse to take place in Chuanshu tea, and in Chengdu, Qinzhou (now Tianshui, Gansu) to buy the home of tea and horses Monopolizing Division. Yuan Dynasty, the official repeal of the Song Dynasty Tea imposed border policy. The Ming Dynasty, but also restored the tea-horse policy, and intensified, as a rule the Northwest this policy an important means for people of all nationalities. The first Ming Emperor Hongwu, high-quality horses for a maximum of 120 pounds of tea. Ming Dynasty, the tea set for thirty fine horses a grate, middle twenty, the lower fifth. Tang Ming writer in the prosperity. To the Qing Dynasty, the tea-horse has loose border policy, more private tea merchant in the tea-horse trading costs more than tea and horses have been less. Qing Emperor Yongzheng thirteenth year, Horse and Tea Trading System terminated.
Tea Horse Road
tea-horse trading Frontier system beginning from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty ended, after almost a thousand years of vicissitudes. Tea market transactions in the long years, the Chinese businessmen in the northwest, southwest border, with their feet, take a rough stretch of Tea-Horse Road. The so-called Tea Horse Road, the caravan is in fact an authentic way. Tea Horse Road there are two main lines: one from Sichuan Yaan, passed Luding, Kangding, Batang, Qamdo to Lhasa, Tibet, to Nepal, India, the domestic route length of over 3100 km; another route from Yunnan Pu'er Tea Country of Origin (now Xishuangbanna, Simao, etc.), passes through Dali, Lijiang, mid Deqin, to Tibet Banda,
skechers shape up shoes, Zayu or Qamdo, Lhorong, Gongbo'gyamda, Lhasa, and then by Gyangze, Yadong, respectively, to Myanmar, Nepal, India, the domestic route length of over 3800 km. In the two main lines along the way, thick with numerous large and small extension to Yunnan, Tibet, Sichuan, Road. Trail is hard in the caravan of thousands, day after day, year after year, in the camped difficult trip, with elegantly horses run around the ring and broke the thousands of years of quiet mountain valley, opened up a path to economic and trade extraterritorial road. Rushing to make a living in the snowy plateau special experience, bringing their trust and loyalty of character weight; exercise of their courage and ability to tell right from wrong. They are both businessmen trading business, but also to open up explorer Tea Horse Road. They relied on their own fortitude, courage and wisdom, effort and sweat watered with a way of life is leading to Tea Horse Road, exploration of the road and the road of life. History has proven that the original Tea Horse Road is a road beyond the humanistic spirit. Each caravan embark on the journey is a journey of life and death experience. Tea Horse Road unusually dangerous, but the spectacular natural scenery along the way but can inspire people to potential courage, strength and endurance, sublimation of the soul of man to bring out the true meaning of life and great. Moreover, Tibetan Buddhism's spread on the Tea Horse Road, but also further promote the Northwest Naxi, Bai, Tibetan, and other economic ties between the fraternal peoples and cultural exchanges, enhanced inter-ethnic unity and friendship. Along the way, some pious artists Mani Dui roadside rocks and painted,
skechers tone ups, engraved a large number of Buddha, Bodhisattvas and monks, as well as animal spirits, conch, moon and stars and other images. Or coarse or fine those who shape the art of a long journey for the trail adds a spiritual sacred and solemn, that distant horizon for adding a dash of mystery. From the ancient Tang dynasty, until the twentieth century, the fifties and sixties Yunnan, Sichuan-Tibet highway is through, and after a thousand years of vicissitudes, Tea Horse Road is like a large corridor connecting the various ethnic groups along the way, the development of the the local economy, revitalizing the commodity markets, and promote the border areas of agriculture, animal husbandry development. At the same time, areas along the art, religion, customs and culture, ideology has also been unprecedented prosperity and development. Today, thousands of years ago the ancient Tea Horse Road open, groups of caravan figure disappeared, and crisp, melodious Tuoling Sheng away, the ancient tea floating grass fragrance dissipated. However, leaving India in the Tea Horse Road and Horseshoe brand footprints of their ancestors, and the countless memories of the ancient, but turned into a noble descendants of the Chinese national entrepreneurship. The fighting spirit of the endless fighting in the history of the Chinese nation cast a seat carved monument of the eternal, shining future generations honor and glory of the Chinese nation. ● old, the field of human and animal communication path Qamdo is a long walk from the human and animal naturally formed. ● the 7th century, the rise of Tibet in the Tibetan Plateau. Early Tang Dynasty, Tibet south, the territory of the Jinsha River in Zhongdian, on the erection of iron bridges, open up the channel between the Yunnan-Tibet. ● Song, ● Yuan, energetically open post road, setting up post stations. ● Ming continue to strengthen the post road building. ● Post Station Qing Dynasty to Tibet organization was renamed the ● Qing Dynasty, tea greatly increased. ● Anti-Japanese War in the late southwest Tea Horse Road into the rear major international business channel. ● 1950 years ago, Qamdo as a business center in eastern Tibet. ● History Ancient Tea Horse Road There are three main lines: the Qinghai-Tibet Railway (Tang the Road), Yunnan-Tibet line and the Sichuan-Tibet line. ● Yunnan-Tibet line Tea-Horse Road in the Tang Dynasty, Yunnan-Tibet Highway is broadly in line with the current phase approximation, starting from today in Dali, Yunnan, north to the Jianchuan, then north to Lijiang, the city continues along the north over the iron bridge, after 锛Yu DL sub-field to the city, the first line to the salt well, then north along the Lancang River to the horse dare (the Tibet Mangkang). Zogang, two Road to Tibet: one by Basu Banda, Caya to Qamdo; one straight to the Basu, Bomi, Nyingchi been to Lhasa. ● history of Yunnan Tea Horse Road Line has three roads: one from the flood in the town of Tacheng Jiang Heli, after collapsing sub-column, Adelaide Emirates, Tianzhu Village, wool and other places of public law, to Tibet; a Bai Jianchuan flood to the starting Weixi Association, after Adelaide Emirates, and then matched to a road and on Tibet; a departure from the Zhongdian, after Nigeria color down, Yin Island, collapsed in the field, sweep the slaves, and other places to Ebulaka Tibet. The main channel that Yunnan line with this approach. Sichuan-Tibet formation of the formation of the ancient tea ceremony, Tang and Song dynasties, China's tea exports to Tibet is the Qinghai-Tibet Road, the main. From the Ming Dynasty, tea was officially formed Sichuan-Tibet, Sichuan-Tibet Sichuan tea ceremony, the rise of commercial towns along the route to promote the rise of the Sichuan-Tibet and Tibet and the Mainland, the Sichuan-Tibet Tea is not only an economic lines, but also a political line and defense line, so that foreign forces no longer able to separate Tibet from China. China's tea production in the south, north and northwest of cold areas do not produce tea. Sichuan is also the world of tea, the birthplace of tea. Han Previously, only tea and tea in Sichuan area of commodity production. To the Tang Dynasty, tea formed a rich situation, and from the Tang Dynasty, Sichuan Mianzhou, Shu states, state and other places Qiong tea, the tea from the other regions into Tibet, the Tibetan people began the history of tea, Tibet's tea exports to the emergence of the road. In the Tang Dynasty, the Qinghai-Tibet Road is between Tibet and the Central Plains the main traffic road. External expansion Tubo Dynasty, in addition to the South line of battle nearly all outside the south marsh by Qinghai, north west line of battle, Longyou, four Anxi towns compete for the Western, Eastern competition JN, between the Tang Dynasty and the pro, and asked employment and other envoys contacts are made Tianshui, large non-Chuan, Warm Springs, Heyuan, Tongtian to some logic (now in Lhasa.) Princess Wen Cheng and Princess Jincheng but also by the Qinghai Tibet. In short, the Tang Dynasty and Tibet, the Central Plains region of the Qinghai-Tibet Road Traffic Road instead of the Sichuan-Tibet Road. Tang Dynasty, tea exports to the mainland is of the Qinghai-Tibet Tibet Road, the tea ceremony. With the collapse of the Tubo Dynasty, Song Dynasty hit Tibetan areas in the sub-state, the Qinghai-Tibet Road has lost the role of the military hub and the Official Road. However, since the Tang Dynasty Tibet after the introduction of tea, tea with the help of the digestion, oily solution of special features that make livestock meat milk people drink tea are rife. All ethnic groups in the Northwest have sold horses to the border to buy tea, and Song in order to obtain horses, and decided to carry out tea-horse trade in the Northwest, selling tea, buy horses. After the Northern Song Xining will set the tea-horse in the Division of Sichuan, the Sichuan annual output of 3,000 million kg of tea most of the transport of Gansu, Qinghai set hundreds of buy to sell tea plantation and dozens of horse field, and provides names can only annual Camellia buy a horse can not use it in more than 15,000 a year to buy the motor. So that the Qinghai-Tibet Road from military and political hub of the Tang Dynasty as the tea ceremony. Therefore,
Tea Horse Road
from the Ming dynasty, Sichuan tea was officially formed. Early in the Song and Yuan Dynasties official in Liya, Tibetan stone door (all day) and other Tibetan and other ethnic carried out with the tea-horse trade, but the small number of tea were sold only to local ethnic food supply. Up to the Ming Dynasty, the government provided for in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces were thinking mixed reception to pay tribute missions and Tibet, while the Ming envoys respectively from the Sichuan, Shaanxi, Tibet. Northwest entered the Ming Dynasty, delivered to all Tibetan areas of Sichuan tea production accounts for only one-tenth that of 100 kg, cover areas in Qinghai and Gansu, area. The leader of Tibet, Tibetan monks and tribute to the Ming court's main objective is to get tea. Therefore, from the Sichuan-Tibet Road, they have to pay tribute. Then thirty-one years of Hongwu (1398) May, at four positions in the Sichuan tea set, note sent to new positions Shouzhu place, listen to commercial transactions and Passionflower City Horse And promote the contribution of the birds think that only by the possession of the Sichuan-Tibet Road to pay tribute, not by the state road into Tibet's Tao Gong. To Chenghua two years (1470), the Ming court thinking more clearly defined possession of Chancery birds, illustrates teach, explain technology and secondary education are four kings, and the hidden places near Bird Articles by four Chuanlurugong Tibetan Tribute. The Ming Dynasty in the elegant state, set the tea-horse sculpture, SECRETARY door, hundreds of kg of tea annually exports go to the birds think Kham Tibetan, so that extended to the tea ceremony from Kham Tibet. The birds think possession Tribute exchanges, but also facilitated the smooth flow of the tea ceremony. So the tea trade to open up the Sichuan-Tibet Tea also become Official Road, and replace the status of the Qinghai-Tibet Road. Further strengthened the Qing Dynasty and Tibetan Kham region of operation, set the station, relaxing tea, lose possession, Tachienlu confluence of tea in South side of the road, the more so the further prosperity of the Sichuan-Tibet Tea. In this way, formed by Ya Ming and Qing Dynasties, the more Tianquan Ma On Shan, Luding to Kangding the After the Kangding Yajiang, in Tong, Batang, river card, Caya, South Road, Lhasa, Qamdo to Kangding via dry from the tea ceremony and Ning, Daofu, Luhuo, Ganzi, Dege crossing the Jinsha Jiang Zhichang meet with the Road to Lhasa The North tea ceremony. This from the Ya'an to Kangding Kangding to Lhasa, the tea ceremony, both the Ming and Qing Dynasties of the Sichuan-Tibet Road, is today's Sichuan-Tibet Road. Sichuan-Tibet Road, rugged, open up very difficult. Yaan to transport tea from the Kangding, a small mule by mule, most rely on manual handling, known as the Determined by the severity of stroke, the light at line 40, the severe lines 2-30 in Japan. Respite on the way, back child does not unload the shoulder, with a T-shaped back child support Xie Qi Shui pestle. Head for the iron pestle, each will be on the hard stone pestle, the constant, daily, stone marks left on the nest, has still clearly visible. From Kangding to Lhasa, in addition to hell and high water, we should also go through many sparsely populated grasslands, dense forests, vast plains, to climb the steep cut in the rock, two horses meet, retreat a blind alley and had negotiated a price, the emaciated horses thrown into the cliff below, and let the other horses pass. To wade through the turbulent bubble whooping rivers, towering peaks. Long-distance transport, wind and rain hit, pack horses and mules cattle feed on grass, teams are required to bring their own pack of armed self-defense, carrying off the accompanying screen. Places the frame off dining, daily travel only 20-30 years. Plus plateau, Tian Han in the cold, thin air, climate change and unpredictable, Minyan said: dog paddle, Sichuan tea, under difficult conditions in which transport to the Tibetan areas, the Sichuan-Tibet Tea is a Chinese and Tibetan people in such difficult conditions to open up. Sichuan-Tibet Tea's development, also contributed to the rise of towns along the Sichuan-Tibet Road. Dadu River known as the gateway to the West Furnace Luding, Ming and early Qing Dynasty, but is a mere Forty five years of Kangxi (1706) chain bridge was built. Foreign businessmen gathered in Luding business. To Xuantong three years (1911) set the county seat, more than 30 merchants in 1930 has become the transshipment of goods between the Mainland and the land of Kangding. Kangding in the yuan is a desolate wilderness fashion, customs and other places around the business operation and Tibet tea cloth native to this exchange, only the tower erected tents pot pile, the right place for accommodation, before the formation of a village in the Ming Dynasty. Tibetan and Chinese trade with the south, and gradually developed into a side of tea trading center. Yongzheng seven years (1729) set Tachienlu Hall, located soldiers guarding the place, Han Ham fan set, cross-trade, known as the downtown Yan. Since then, Han Fan and outside, all market tea. The tea market due to the rise of cities, Tibetan and Chinese trade through the Become one at western metropolis, where in addition to Tong, Batang,
skechers shoes, Daofu, Luhuo, observing more than wood (Qamdo),
shape ups skechers, Songpan and other places are in the rise of the Qing Dynasty tea ceremony for the commercial development of the town. In short, Sichuan Sichuan-Tibet Tea lose possession of Transportation to develop and promote the Sichuan-Tibet Plateau important factor in the rise of towns. Sichuan-Tibet line is both an economic lines, but also a political line and defense line. It is the Mainland of China with Tibet more closely linked together, so that modern foreign imperialist forces could no longer afford to separate Tibet from China. After the Opium War, British imperialist invasion of Tibet in order to try to make Indian tea to replace Chinese tea in Tibet marketing. They think that once the Indian side of tea, tea can replace the status of Sichuan Province, Tibet, the United Kingdom to the political and economic monopoly. To this end, the British imperialists and even invade Lhasa, forcing Tibet and India tea output. Since then, the Sichuan tea has become a weapon against the British invasion of Tibet. Tibet against India tea sales, tea sales Sichuan Tibetan protection, against the British invasion of Tibet has become an important part. At that time the Tibetan people for national interests, preferring to
Tea Horse Road
Indian tea ten times higher than the purchase price of Sichuan tea, and refuse to eat Indian tea. Local government of Tibet facing India tea sales to bring political and economic crisis in Tibet, it is strongly advocated against Indian tea to Tibet. Dalai Lama calls himself out for the Qing, the Qing government with the actions required to stop the possession of Indian tea sold. Governor of Sichuan Liubing Zhang Qing is forbidden assertive Indian tea Kozo, Yi-free recipe for disaster. Qing court ordered negotiations with the United Kingdom, possession. Chao Chuan then Governor to oppose the British invasion of Tibet Timor, to guard the national side in Yaan Tea Company established to support the Tibetan people to resist Indian tea. The company improved varieties of tea, rectifying Sichuan tea, set up branch offices in Tachienlu break off side baked tea without restrictions. And in the pond, Batang, selling tea set Qamdo semicolon, reduce intermediate links, quickly transported to Tibet, Sichuan tea. Sichuan tea became a common Sino-Tibetan ethnic aggression against British imperialism in Tibet, India tea dumping fight weapons. Republic of China, the domestic civil war, a large number of Indian tea, took the opportunity to sell into Tibet, the Tibetan local upper instigated the attack on the British imperialism in the border of Sichuan, Sichuan and Tibet, a military conflict. Close contact has been weakened both sides, only the Sichuan tea still navigate the in between Sichuan and Tibet. At the time of the special historical conditions, the Sichuan tea have become a Historical Route Horse Road are three lines: the Qinghai-Tibet Railway (Tangfangudao), Yunnan-Tibet line and the Sichuan-Tibet line, in the three Tea Horse Road in the rise of the Tang Dynasty, the Qinghai-Tibet line, the older; the Sichuan-Tibet line the greatest impact in the later, the most well-known. These three roads are closely related with the Qamdo, where Yunnan and Sichuan-Tibet line cord must be Qamdo, their development is closely related to the tea-horse trading. Yunnan-Tibet line Tea-Horse Road in the Tang Dynasty, it is with the outward expansion of the Tubo Dynasty and is closely related to trading activities Nanzhao 678 AD, the Tibetan forces into the northern part of Yunnan, west of Erhai Lake. God established the Governor 680 Du Fu Chuan, Tibetan officials in Nanzhao set, to the White Man, Wu Man collecting taxes, assessed runner. The two sides also been considerable development of trade, tea is an important part of horse trading. Transport routes Nanzhao and Tubo this Yunnan-Tibet Highway roughly similar, starting from today in Dali, Yunnan, north to the Jianchuan, then north to Lijiang, the city continues along the north over the iron bridge, the Dalai 锛 sub-field to the city of Lut, forward to the Salt, and then along the Lancang River north to the horse dare (the Tibet Mangkang), Zogang, two Road to Tibet: one by Basu Banda, Caya to Qamdo; a straight from the Basu to Bomi, Nyingchi been to Lhasa. Yunnan-Tibet line history, there are three dozen Tea Horse Road road: a flood in the town from the inside Jiang Heli Tacheng, after collapsing sub-fields, Adelaide Emirates, Tianzhu Village, wool and other places of public law, to Tibet; an agreement by the Jianchuan Weixi starting to flood through Adelaide Emirates, and then with the consistency of a road to Tibet; a departure from the Zhongdian, after Nigeria color down, Yin Island, collapsing sub-field, slave sweep the, Ebulaka to Tibet and other places . The main channel that Yunnan line with this approach. Tea-Horse Road is the starting point in Yunnan Province during the Tang Dynasty capital of the regime all the way Nanzhao Dali. Among them, Dali, Lijiang, Zhongdian, A baidunzi (Deqin) and so is the tea-horse trade and the market is very important hub. Tea Horse Trade Yunnan-Tibet line tea, Pu'er tea of Yunnan-based, but also from Sichuan and other places of tea. Yunnan Tea line of trade has its own characteristics, from Yunnan, Han Chinese mainland business to transport tea and other items to resell the land to the local shopkeeper or merchant traffic in Tibet, and from the local shopkeeper to buy a horse or other livestock , native products, herbs, transported to Lijiang, Dali and Kunming sales. Tibet, Sichuan-Tibet Tibetan providers, most of the tea-based commodities exchange for the return to Tibet. Main means of transport such as mules and yaks. Historical features of today, with the rise of modern transport, this has continued since the Tang and Song dynasties over a thousand years and in Han, Tibetan and played an important link between the role of the Tea Horse Road Despite the loss of its former status and function, but it Formation of the Chinese nation as a historical testimony of the Chinese multi-ethnic family as today, a precious historical and cultural heritage is still shiny, and with the passage of time becoming more and more meaning and value. I think this probably is what led to today's Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces jointly held the Tea Horse Road this large academic study tours for a reason. So, should know how to treat and Tea Horse Road and its historical and cultural significance compared with other civilizations Trail What are the characteristics? At the same time, we should be and how the current Tibetan Tea Horse Road between social and economic development to find a combination of points, so that the new lease of life under the social and historical conditions? This is today an urgent need to consider and answer the question. The author believes that the characteristics of the Tea Horse Road and its historical and cultural connotation, now we can at least come to the following understanding: first, the Tea Horse Road is an anomaly on the ancient Tibetan culture channel. Route from the Tea Horse Road Look, we can easily find Qamdo Tea Horse Road is a major hub, it is not only inhabited Road and Sichuan-Tibet Road, two roads must pass through, but also these two roads an intersection. In fact, the Tea Horse Road is not just in the Tang and Song Dynasties of Han, Tibetan tea was only opened after the horse trade and use, as early as the Tang and Song before, this hidden from the defense, the Nyingchi, Qamdo and to the hub, respectively Qamdo leading to this Sichuan, Yunnan region and prosperity of the road already exists, and connect and communicate this as Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet's ancient culture of the three is a very important channel. It is not only health between the reservoir and this ancient ancestors of the Sichuan-Yunnan region is an important channel migration flows, but also this Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet three dissemination and exchange between the ancient civilizations of the important channels. From the archaeological and cultural sites to see, far in the 4 to 5 thousand years ago, appeared in Qamdo sites such as the card if the continuation of large and extremely long time to ancient human settlement sites. This shows that at least the late Neolithic period, around the card if the culture Qamdo represented ancient culture has been quite prosperous. Qamdo is able to produce such an early age so advanced ancient culture, the reason is this is located in Qamdo Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet between the three ancient civilizations as an important communication channel with the transmission. If the culture from the card, we can see the western Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan and characteristics of the original cultural factors can also be seen such as the Yellow River region Majiayao some of the effects of primitive culture, but also found their own characteristics, that card If culture has a strong cultural characteristics of the compound, it is not an isolated development of the original culture, but with all the original week of Adjacent extensive contacts between cultures and exchanges. If the cultural characteristics of this card, just proof that not only the Guardian of Qamdo area and this Sichuan, Yunnan and the western region to contact the original cultural exchange occurred in a channel, but also a variety of original blend of cultural factors is an important communication and hubs. In addition, in this western Sichuan plateau Ganzi and Aba Autonomous Prefecture of mountainous territory and cross-sectional area of northwest and found a large number of sarcophagus burials, commonly known as the The sarcophagus was buried in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, the Yalong River and Jinsha River areas have a relatively dense distribution. Sichuan, Yunnan and western regions of the sarcophagus, although there are some local differences in burial, but its main characteristics and cultural landscape in general, consistent, its age is from the Shang and Zhou have been extended to the Eastern Han Dynasty. It should be noted that the sarcophagus was buried not only in the Mangkang Qamdo, Gongjue, Qamdo have found, and in Nyingchi are general, mountain Nanlong son, wrong that, even in Cameroon are the areas of East Ren cloth, Sakya and other places were also are found. Scholars from the sarcophagus shape and burial artifacts buried on the sarcophagus was found in Tibet with Sichuan, Yunnan and western regions sarcophagus buried close correlation between, especially in the vicinity of the sarcophagus Qamdo and Nyingchi funeral, basically western Sichuan and Yunnan sarcophagus buried part of the same cultural system. From the distribution point of view, the more telling. Western Sichuan and Yunnan is the most popular coffin burial, and found that the largest number of the most concentrated areas, and the sarcophagus found in Tibet buried by the vast majority concentrated in the western Sichuan and Yunnan into Tibet Plateau along the main channel range. We know, from the western Sichuan and Yunnan plateau over the Jinsha River, Lancang River, Nu River and so on, through a Qamdo a Nyingchi an Shannan Shigatse, which is entered through the ages by the Guardian of the western Sichuan and Yunnan, a main thoroughfare, is the most convenient and most easily walk and the most important route. Generally speaking, the ancient main road along the river opposite direction chosen. Most sections of this route is precisely formed by the river's natural channel. Tea Horse Road (which now along the Yunnan-Tibet Highway and Sichuan-Tibet Highway) to just march along the channel. Therefore, the sarcophagus burial can prove to Qamdo the hub since the Tea Horse Road is a long line of this possession, Sichuan, Yunnan original inhabitants of the three major channels of communication between. Because North and South mountains, subtropical monsoon can enter the canyon. Here the formation of unique natural climate, forests, water resources, significantly enriched by Asian animals and plants, said Museum. In this land, Tibetan, Nu, Dulong, Naxi, Lisu have lived a hundred years almost a thousand years. Nu, Lancang and Jinsha River flows through from the canyon, the source of the Tibetan Himalayas.
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