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Old 08-30-2011, 07:20 AM   #1
xiao7ogtyr
 
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Default 库克接棒乔布斯 中国企业接班计划的体面参照

  王如晨
  人们将乔布斯辞去CEO视为他的谢幕,为此充满遗憾。但少有人注意到一个细节,而这可能是他一种以退为 进的控制苹果的策略。
  “在此,我宣布辞去苹果CEO职务。如果董事会认为合适的话,我想担任董事长,或者董事甚至普通职员都 可以。”他在辞职信中说。
  这段话隐含的细节在于:这是苹果创始人重返公司后首度设立董事长职位。过去多年,苹果是美国没有设立董 事长职位的少数公司之一。
  不过,这或许也是苹果治理提升的关键一步。只是对接班人库克来说,是束缚还是自由,尚不得 而知。
  放权是权力的延伸?
  辞去CEO很可能是乔布斯的身体无法支撑所致。但首度建议董事会设立董事长职位,并毛遂自荐,或许是的 他www.88454.com的权力欲望作祟。
  这确实是个反常举动。事实上,过去几年,投资人一直质疑苹果董事会为何不设董事长职位,认为创始人兼C EO乔布斯个人权力过大,不符合公司治理。而苹果则多次为这一局面辩解说,这最符合公司和股东们的 利益。
  人们也许可以理解苹果不设董事长职位的现实。乔布斯一直被许多人视为天才,如今更是。面对一个天才,没 有董事长的公司或许可以提高决策效率。乔布斯的独断很出名,苹果每项重大决策几乎都出自他手。
  没有董事长的董事会,在强硬的乔布斯面前,可能会流于形式。美国特拉华大学温伯格公司管理研究中心主任 Charles Elson说,乔布斯个人影响力很大,导致人们不了解苹果。
  猎头公司Spencer Stuart报告说,2010年,苹果公布了多个重大策略,但苹果董事会全年只开过4次会议,而标普指数公 司董事会全年会议平均数为8.6次。
  这导致苹果全球“一言堂”局面。苹果全球区域高管可能是跨国公司里最不敢说话的一类人。比如在中国,市 场上几乎没有几个人立刻叫出苹果中国总经理的名字。2008年,当本报向苹果中国一位高管请教本土渠道问题 时,那人警惕地说这要问苹果全球。
  身体欠佳的乔布斯辞职是在意料之中,这个结果不过是个时间问题。许多投资者为此感到担忧,但也有投资者 认为,这可以让苹果走向开放、民主。如今,乔布斯主动要求设立董事长职位,至少表面上顺应了公司分权治理的 要求。
  但谁知道这是不是他重新延伸权力呢?也许接下来他还不排除进一步改组董事会呢。如果成真,这意味着,继 任者库克很可能将面临一个权力平衡的尴尬局面。
  这也许是对乔布斯的误解。但是,自从他被查出患胰腺癌后,外界一直期待他能公布接班人计划,而他迟迟未 对外表态。
  年初,北美劳工国际联盟组织与苹果股东中央劳动者退休基金曾向苹果董事会提出,公布CEO接班人计划, 以确保乔布斯离开后苹果能平稳过渡。不过当时董事会拒绝了这一提议。
  乔布斯的健康已成苹果发展的不确定性。2003年以来,乔布斯曾三次请病假,股价每次平均跌去7%。而 每当他回来,苹果股价又接连大涨。
  多部传记中描述过,乔布斯是个缺乏安全感、极为敏感的人。他应该不会没有考虑这一问题,也许他只是在寻 找合乎他心意的人。
  一个关于苹果团队的细节显示出,他只会用他“自己的人”。比如,他重返苹果后,前任CEO阿梅里奥组建 的团队几乎流失殆尽。
  目前,乔布斯身边九大高管中,除工业设计高级副总裁乔纳森・艾维外,没有一名在他重返苹果前还在苹果任 职。其中三名是经过企业并购获得的人才,两名是一直跟随他的嫡系,其余则是乔布斯重返后亲自招募来的,库克 正是其中之一。
  华为们的接班问题
  领导力研究专家、被称为“中国总裁教练”的张伟俊对《第一财经日报》表示,无论乔布斯本人如何,这表明 他对接班人早有规划,只是选择一个体面的时机。而这可能也能给中国企业接班人问题一个体面的参照,既能完成 交接,也可以借此提升公司治理。
  辞职信确实显示出乔布斯已经考虑过。他强烈建议公司按照“继任计划”进行,任命库克为CE O。
  “我觉得,这里面有中国企业家们学习的地方。”张伟俊说,接班人对许多本土企业来说是个敏感话题,但必 须有勇气面对,乔布斯的建议,表明苹果的发展到了关键时刻,这其中伴随着公司治理的提升。
  “我曾说过,如果有一天我不能再履行苹果CEO的职责,无法满足期望,我会是第一个告诉你们的人。不幸 的是,这一天到了。”乔布斯说。
  张伟俊认为,许多国内企业也处于类似的时刻,比如联想、万科、华为、海尔等优秀公司,必须充分考虑接班 人计划。
  他表示,如果联想创始人柳传志、万科创始人王石现在辞职,他们创立的企业不会有什么问题。因为,两人多 年前都已经对此思考成熟,并做好了充分的准备。
  之前,柳传志事实上已经退出过联想。只是在金融危机爆发后,为帮助联想渡过难关,他重回董事长岗位,送 上一程。而王石早在多年前就谈及过接班人标准:一是要在公司里做过相当长时间,了解公司;二是有专长;三是 有很强的包容性。
  张伟俊没有直接点评另外两家当红的企业华为与海尔,强调它们也应该有勇气面对。截至目前,67岁的任正 非、62岁的张瑞敏仍未对外公布过接班人计划。华为年初甚至为此经历过一波震荡;海尔集团总裁杨绵绵已70 岁。过去几年,海尔多名核心高层已经离开。
  “再有不甘,也必须考虑,有些是自然规律,另外,由谁考虑、如何考虑的问题也很重要。”张伟俊说,乔布 斯的辞职信中固然透露出他对离开CEO岗位有些不甘,但有些是自然规律,必须要遵循,不能认为公布接班人计 划等于自己老了。
  张伟俊说,比乔布斯更加拥有帝王心态的还有鸿海创始人郭台铭,但是后者的心态非常好。几年前,郭台铭曾 公布,公司的接班人要有董事长的高度、广度、深度与速度,他的儿子、女儿不会接自己的班,未来的接班人将是 专业经理人,而且“人人都有机会”。
  “当然,他这种表态不太好。”张伟俊说,鸿海是家上市公司,郭台铭如此表态,给予外界的印象超越了董事 会,而乔布斯的信里也只是提议董事会让库克担任CEO。
> 相关专题: 苹果CEO乔布斯辞职专题 > 相关报道: 苹果新CEO库克任期至2021年苹果新CEO蒂姆・库克将带领苹果再创辉煌苹果新CEO库克面临产品考验 :或大力推苹果TV 微博推荐 | 新浪科技官方微博
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Old 08-30-2011, 09:59 AM   #2
kuang36915
 
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