Management students have to know the knowledge

butterfly effect, the phenomenon of frogs, crocodiles rule, catfish effect, herding, hedgehog rules, watch law,Nike Shox R3, broken windows theory, twenty-eight law, barrel theory , Matthew, which is something you understand?
1, the butterfly effect: the 1970s, an American meteorologist labeled Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of wind, said the Amazon rain woods a butterfly wings occasionally vibration, perhaps two weeks would be caused by a tornado in Texas.
butterfly effect is that very small changes in initial conditions continue to augment later its future status will cause a very big distinction. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a country is very important, can not be muddled.

2, frog phenomenon: a frog into peppery water directly into the pot, because of its disadvantageous reactions are very perceptive environment, will immediately bound out the jug outdoor. If you put a frog into a pot of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately jump out the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the ultimate outcome is to be boiled frog is dead, for the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has too late, or that there is no ability to bound out the pot appearance.
frog phenomenon tells us that a digit of mutation events, they often cause people to vigilant, and prone to cause people to death but it is in the feel-good case, the gradual deterioration of the tangible situation, there is no remove detection.
3, crocodiles rule: its ambitious is to assume that a crocodile bite your feet if you hand to attempt to destroy your foot, crocodile will bite your feet and hands. The more you struggle, it was the more bite. In the event that crocodile bite your feet, your only access is to sacrifice an foot.
example, in the stock market, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading a departure from the direction of the market, must stop immediately, without any delay, shall not have any fortune.

4, catfish effect: In the quondam, sardines, cheap survival rate during transmission. After it was found that, if put in a sardine in a catfish, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a strange surroundings, will be small fish found in extra than a This problem is solved oxygen sardines, and sardines, ambition no dead.

5, herding: sheep where to work, where apt go behind the sheep apt emulate.
herding was 1st equity investment in a term mainly refers to the existence of investors in the transaction process of learning and imitation phenomenon, the same stock.

6, hedgehogs rule: two idle hedgehog, as chilly and owned together. Because their body can have long thorns, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get attach. After a series of two hedgehog finally found a appropriate distance: either get each other's lukewarm and will not be fastening.
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the

7, watch Law: Law is a watch with a table, you can know it is a few minutes, and when he has two not creature able to determine. Two tables and can not differentiate a more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch decree in commerce management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an organization can not use two different means, can not set two different goals, and even each individual can not two people to simultaneously command, or will the business or private wastage.

8, broken windows theory: a house if the windows broke, not one to repair, soon separated, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if some of the graffiti has not been cleansed, Soon, the walls covered with a mess, unsightly thing; a very clean place, people are embarrassed to taking out the trash, but once on the ground with garbage appears, people will not hesitate to dart, did not feel ashamed .
9, twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in anyone group of things, the maximum important and only a small portion, about 20%, Although the majority of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social asset is concentrated in the hands of 20%, when 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economy and life everywhere, this is the Pareto rule.
Pareto rule tells us, do not mean to diagnose, process and look by the issues, business and management to collar the pivotal few; to find out who can provide 80% of the profits, but only 20% of the total key buyers to promote services to achieve a multiplier effect; business chairmen to work seriously on the category thinking, are the headmaster energy to solve the main problem, converge on important projects.

10, barrel theory: the essay of the embark if the barrel width of missing, then the tub including water is not dependent on the longest chip of wood, but on the shortest chip of wood .
11, Matthew:
sociologists derive from the
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1, the logic
bird cage hanging bird imprison in a beautiful room, the most emphatic place, had not a few days, the owner will make one of the following two options: throw away the cage, or purchase a bird cage on the back. This is the logic cage. The process is simple, assume you are the owner of the room, as long as people entered the room and saw the cage, it will not help but ask you: reserve off birds. Cage plausible reason is simple: most of the time is to take the inertia of preoccupied. So seen in the life and work develop logical thinking is very important.

2, broken window effect
psychology research on a phenomenon called the will somehow be broken; a wall, if necessary cleansed some graffiti, and presently, the wall covered with a muff, unsightly things. A very neat area, people will be mortified catching out the trash, but once on the ground with garbage appears, people will not hesitate, did not feel embarrassed. This is really a very strange phenomenon.
psychologists study is the wrong in the end.
anything bad, if I were you stop off at the beginning, the formation of civilization, change can get rid, if the creek bank, a small gap is not timely repair, dams can collapse, causing the loss of millions of times.
crime is actually the outcome of disarray, the New York City in the 1980s when the rush is actually everywhere, each day do not kill, wading in the street in roomy sunshine to be terrified of. Mention the subway, automobile dirty, sordid words plastered everywhere, sitting ashore the subway, feel insecure. Although I have not been looted, but the instructors have been in roomy daylight, struck a memorandum Sap, blind, from the end of his research profession, so I talk approximately Tiger color for many years, not alone to New York. New York city and the city recently raised a lot of dignity, I am quite wondered that a city has been sinking, can run from the die, to improve.
So when I went out to encounter, met a criminologist, quickly to him for advice, the aboriginal New York City is the final paperback with a broken window effect in terms of the theory, first to amend the nefarious environment in which it is not cozy crime, and then slowly Hyde Budao return to mandate. Although this approach was
been branded as slow, handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public manifestation of the government's determination to rectify, and found very efficient.
police found that people really do not compare the situation in a clean crime, also found that gripping Riders awarding, because each of those seven had a fare evasion was wanted, twenty names have a carry weapons, so Police are willing to catch evasion very seriously, which makes criminals not fare evasion, did not challenge go out with weapons to avoid more injure than good, runs the risk. This New York City, from the smallest, easiest place to start, breaking the crime ring junction (shackle), so this vicious wheel can not continue
3, diffusion of duty effect
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 分, outside an apartment in New York before a man named Juno younger than white women between the end of the bar on the way family from work assassination. When she cried in despair: When everything is tranquility, the killer returned to crime. When she exclaimed, the neighboring residents and opened the lights, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do, go back to their home upstairs, the killer once again in front of her, kill her on the stairs. In the process, even although she shouted for help, her neighbors, at least 38 to the window to watch, but no one to liberate her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also preoccupied the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a great number of bystanders omitting the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
for the diffusion of responsibility effect the formation of the reasons a lot of experimental psychologists and examine results found that: this phenomenon can not equitable mention everyone's callous, or moral decay of the extravaganza increased. Because on different occasions, deeds of assistance that people really are different. When a person in an crisis situation, if necessary he can invest aid, he would apparently conscious of their responsibilities,Nike Shox Monster, assistance to the victims. If he refused to generate feelings of crime, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a tall psychological amount. If the presence of so many people, the responsibility for seeking aid from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few spectators and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to generate an How to break this situation, this is a psychologist going on an important issue.

4, Parkinson's Law
well-known British historian North Goode Parkinson via long-term research, write a book called In his book, agency personnel annotated the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent official, may be three ways, first is the applying for resignation, the seat give competent people; second is to allow a able person to help their work; third appointment of two levels lower than they were when the acolyte. This first way is absolutely Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be able of their antagonists; seems that only a third way most proper. As a result, two mediocre assistant sharing his work, he is high on orders, they will not posture a threat to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they are profession the shots, then two more for his inability to find an assistant. So on, to form a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient mastery system.

5, the halo effect
noted Russian scholastic gigantic Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect suffered a excellent deal. He was fanatically in adore with is called the Natan Li looks prodigious, but with alter channel sub-Puhi Kim Ji. When the period to write poetry Pushkin peruse to her time. She all said, clutching his ears: duel death, so a literary star fall prematurely. In Pushkin, a beauteous matron is jump to have excellent knowledge and noble role, however, is not the case,Nike Shox, a phenomenon understood as the halo effect.
so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who display the characteristics of a particular aspect, cover the other traits, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For example, some older people to youth people's individual shortcomings, or clothe, habits and hate, they meditation they have to have good for nothing; some juvenile people a thing about the affection of friends, you will see him everywhere cute, so-called The halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological assumption, the mistake is: First, it is easy to grasp the individual characteristics and habits of individual move and general, as Mangrenmoxiang as a point on benefit of the face; second It is not intrinsically correlated to some individuality or physical characteristics associated with, the assertion that such traits are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to all, that bad on all the negate, which is a total domination by the tendency of subjective discrimination. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and vanquish the side effects of the halo effect.

6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect)
a psychological experimenter effect. 1920s and 1930s, U.S. researchers at the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social elements and narratives of making efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said the Hawthorne effect.
first period of the experiment in November 1924 from the opening of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship among the test group and control group. Results regardless of increase or control illumination in the experimental group yields are ascending, and the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In increase, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the length of daily and weekly number of days of work and other factors, these conditions can not see a direct clash on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between production efficiency, and found that production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the morale has suffered colossal changes. Participate in the trial of the employees were placed in special studio researchers led by their social conditions changed, been a matter of concern, creating a feeling of participating in the trial, that he is an important part of the enterprise, so workers From a social point of view appearances are motivated to subserve increased production.
This efficacy tells us that when students or their care or care at the public, the learn and would greatly addition the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives to study to get by with others, know what variety of action is approved by students and teachers and gratitude, and we tin only live and study and continually boost their good behavior, it may be more people's care and appreciation, but likewise can make our learning progress, full of positiveness!

7, educated helplessness learned helplessness effects of experimental
earliest Ofer Kashmir and Xili Krugman found later in animal and people studies have been widely argued. Simply put, many experiments show that exercised dogs can cross the barriers or engage in other behavior to lest the shock the experimenter joined to it. However, if the dogs are not expected (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by cordless shock (such as interruption of cordless shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was a contingency to escape electric shock, they convert was unable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, dwindled motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is deserving early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. In other words, they acknowledge that no stuff what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment,Nike Shox R5, the shock is aborted below the control of the experimenter, and the dog will recognize their inability to change the outer control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness, has become a deep despair and sadness. Therefore, we should study and life in their eyes open a little and see the real events behind the determinants do not make our own despair.

8, the witness's memory
witness, in our understanding of where, ordinarily to provide some objective testify, that is his own witness and listen to speak out honestly what people. However, psychological research shows that the testimony of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a private favorite, with private views and awareness.
spectator proof of their confidence and their proof can not determine the precision of the results of this study is amazing. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs determined to make this conclusion more in-depth research. In order to investigate if the testimony of witness someone special, they will witness's memories and the memory of general wisdom were compared.
they allow to be shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. The next day, to answer some of the content of the video in answer, and queried them to tell their own level of confidence to answer, then do a admission memory test. Next, using the same method, the content of fashionable literature from the encyclopedia and general knowledge of selected issues.
and the same happened before, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness on the memories of those confident of their answers were in fact no better than those who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the lack of confidence.
people in the general knowledge of the strengths and disabilities with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to modify their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, subjects can meter themselves. For example,Nike Shox Sko Norge, people will know the issue of whether in amusements or about better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole,Nike Shox Turbo, than others, they are unlikely to know the participants in the memory of the incident in hair color better or worse.

9, Rosenthal Rosenthal effect
American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. Them to a basic co-optation in the three sixth grade classes of babies making a fuss of the In truth, this list is not determined along to test results, but randomly elected. It is based on Eight months after, comprehension tests and found another on the menu of the common promotion in student completion, teachers also gave them good moral behaviour reviews. This experiment has achieved miraculous results, it is considered by teachers to students the subtle psychological effects, so that teachers anticipate students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion was the throne of Cyprus in Greek mythology, he produced the statue of a girl love for his final appetite to make this sculpture into a real person, the two attach to).
educational practice also shows that: if a teacher favor some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers concern, love and encouragement; constantly a positive outlook towards teachers, towards learning and towards their deeds, students become more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive passion, these students often expect teachers to acquire progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored, distinguished against students from the teacher's lecture over time, behavior, facial expressions feel the teacher's requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally become the bad factors of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the fear for teachers.

10, disloyal share deviation (false accordance bias)
we usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like to activity microprocessor games, then it is likely to overestimate the number of people like microprocessor games. You will usually overestimate the students to ballot for their preference numbers, overestimate their own group's prestige and leadership, and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes have the same preference number of features is called the Some factors that may affect your share of this false bias strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than internal attribution;
(2) present behavior or events when a person is very important;
(3) When you are very sure of their point of outlook, or deem that when;
(4) When your status all butme kind of natural life and learning are intimidated;
(5) When it comes to a affirmative the quality or personality;
(6) When you and additional folk for when they are alike.