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Old 08-01-2011, 07:45 AM   #1
obur40441
 
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Default 日常生活中伤口处理也有禁忌

日常生活难免磕磕碰碰,爬楼车厂家,很多人家中也都有红药水、碘伏等消毒药品,以备不时之需。北京大学人民医院普外科副主任医师王远在接受《 生命时报》记者采访时表示,不同的消毒药水功效不尽相同,使用时应注意选择。

王远介绍说,家庭常用的消毒药品或液体主要有以下几种:红药水、紫药水、双氧水、硼酸水、碘酒、碘伏、酒精 。它们的作用和功效大致如下:

1.红药水,盟特新产品,即2%汞溴红溶液,主要有杀菌、消毒、防腐和促进伤口愈合的作用。但抑菌作用弱,且含有汞的有机化合物, 对人体有毒,现在已很少使用。

2.紫药水,即2%的甲紫溶液,可加快伤口愈合,常用于浅表皮肤、黏膜感染。不宜用在黏膜或开放创面,例如 刀伤或锐器刺伤。

3.双氧水,即过氧化氢,具有消毒杀菌作用,但浓度大,易灼伤患处皮肤。用于已有一定感染的浅表局部伤口时 ,其血液、脓液等会降低其杀菌力。

4.硼酸水,3%的硼酸溶液有清洗、收敛和抑菌作用,常用作皮肤、黏膜和伤口冲洗清洁,光波炉批发,口腔炎含漱。

5.碘酒,是由碘、碘化钾溶解于酒精而制成的2%溶液。主要用于非黏膜伤口的表面消毒。常用于手术前、注射 前的皮肤消毒及伤口的消毒。一般不用于溃烂的伤口,碘过敏者禁用。

6.碘伏,为碘与聚醇醚复合而成,盟特,主要用于非黏膜伤口的表面消毒。它使用方便,无刺激无异味,可直接涂伤口,无色素沉着。

8.酒精,医用消毒的浓度约为70%~75%。高浓度的酒精会在细菌表面形成一层保护膜,阻止其进入细菌体 内,但难以将细菌彻底杀死。

一般,如出现擦伤或小的创伤,应先用清水或1%的生理盐水清洗伤口,冲掉上面的泥土、沙子等污物和血渍,之 后用碘酒或酒精进行消毒,但它们对皮肤有很强的刺激性,涂上去会很痛,一般使用没有刺激性的碘 伏。

如果创口较深或被生锈的东西刺伤,除了用清水或生理盐水冲洗外,还要使用双氧水清洗,它可杀灭厌氧菌。硼酸 水和紫药水有抑菌和收敛的作用,可用于急性渗出性皮炎和烫伤湿敷。
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