【 95 】 Kinghood Explore the worldwide financ

【95】 Kinghood Explore the international financial war (Part VII)
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5, disintegration of the Soviet Union

after several oil price increase has given the international financial forces, the Third World National deeply planted the seeds of the debt bubble, and help stabilize the U.S. dollar completely array angle. More providential, from the United States established diplomatic narratives in 1978, China began to implement near to the United States, keeping a low outline in foreign policy. At this time, the United States have the sworn enemy of the Soviet Union to solve their own conditions.
deserve life is never the Soviet Union, December 27, 1979, the Soviet Union sent crews to Afghanistan, the overturn of the Amin regime, executed the Amin home, Caramel foster pro-Soviet power, started the military occupation of Afghanistan. Afghans are beginning to resist the establishment of hundreds of large and small, a crowd of resistance. Since 1980, 7 educate organizations to resist the China has joined hands with the United States, Pakistan for Afghanistan by providing support for anti-Soviet organizations. Soviet Union deeply into the quagmire of war. At that time, the armed against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan are Americans as a hero, of which there are immediately antagonistic the Americans Osama bin Laden, but he had the CIA trained the United States, but also the ideas of the great American hero that year.
skirmish from the perspective of power, when the Chinese made a strategic fault, the Soviet Union is wrong then socialist countries, but China and a practiced, has been the regime want to get rid of Red China together quickly and then deal with it the imperialist countries, the position substandard; At that time, the three pillars of the Soviet Union, the United States the strongest, the weakest of China, helped the U.S. get rid of the Soviet Union, followed by the United States in all the energy can be purified to deal with China, in unreasonable grounds, the truth that the result is true development in the Soviet Union, the United States began to export color revolution in China, Lee Teng-hui to agree assist for Taiwan independence, then in the bombing of the Chinese Embassy ... ...
the failure of the aggression of Afghanistan during the Soviet Union played a crucial role, is the main reason the Soviet Union. Because of economic collapse and the demise of small countries, because of military vanquish and destruction of the country is everywhere.
collapse of the USSR's second reason is the collapse of the Soviet economy, and in which the United States is a great tribute. At that time the Soviet Union and the U.S. hegemony, the financial resources to invest in the military too many affected by economic development is very large.
the Soviet Union was very dependent on oil exports, by the time international oil prices fell, the Soviet Union's export capability will drop swap. Thus, the United States from the international oil prices began to start a fuss. U.S. sent CIA Director Casey to meet with Saudi Arabia Riyadh, Prince, queried Saudi Arabia to support the U.S. down the price of oil; the United States will assure that Saudi Arabia's national security, a number of sophisticated weapons to Saudi Arabia for sale. ,GHD Deluxe Midnight 2011, The United States tired each manner to reduce oil demand, and even reduce the U.S. strategic gasoline reserve. Divided, the United States, Western Europe and Japan also requested increases in oil prices to sell strategic oil reserves, stable oil prices. In 1985, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia visited the United States, the United States asked Saudi Arabia and more exploitation of some oil to continue to pedal down prices. For a little sweetness to Saudi Arabia, Fahd said the U.S. government, the U.S. Treasury for the next 12 months to let the dollar devalue 1 / 4. That was a agreeable opportunity for arbitrage, Saudi merciless make a fortune. Of way, the United States reciprocated in the positive, the late summer of 1985, the Reagan ministry, the Saudi lawful notification,GHD Pink Limited Edition, it is prepared to increase oil production. International oil prices fell. Year in November, the price of a barrel of raw oil from the original $ 30 down to 12 dollars. The Soviet Union, this is definitely bad news, oil prices caused by currency exchange capacity of the Soviet Union, a serious decline in exports, the dollar also made the Soviet Union in the hands of the substantial value of the dollar plummeted.
appending to lower prices, the United States also issued a array of amounts against the Soviet Union:
Commission to limit the use of Batumi on the Soviet Union, the key technology in Western Europe Export: including perfected microprocessor and electronic components, fiber optic, semiconductor and various metallurgical usages, limiting Western European companies moving their factories in the Soviet Union, all signed with the Soviet Union more than one hundred million U.S. dollars worth of contracts to be automatically submitted to the Committee for acceptance to amplify The committee adult since the establishment of the embargo from the catalogue ... ...
use the OECD and other international unions to limit the provision of loans to the Soviet Union, in March 1983, Buckley to Europe to Western European countries with the Soviet Union re-defined as As a result, the Soviet Union interest on loans borrowed from Western Europe from the elemental 7% 8% 17% (17% interest rate weapon.)
Western European countries to encourage use of choice vigor sources and dwindle reliance ashore Soviet gas afford, the spring of 1983, one accession ambition be imposed above the United States to the International Energy Agency apt limit imports from the Soviet Union in Europe the proportion of normal gas to provide Western Europe's normal gas imports from the Soviet Union may no exceed 30% of its vigor demand.
By 1985, the Soviet Union's foreign exchange earnings plummeted, the Soviet Union had anticipated exports from Western Europe to obtain loans, hard currency and technology are all wasted, the Soviet Union from Siberia to Western Europe gas pipeline project was postponed and accordingly, the original plan for this natural gas pipeline to the Soviet Union since 1985 billions of dollars a year in revenue. Of course, if the pipeline in 1990 also completed the second year can be obtained from 15 billion to 30 billion U.S. dollars in revenue. However, since the Reagan administration's spoiler, the Soviet Union build a second gas pipeline plans to entirely fail.
Gorbachev took over, the Soviet Union has been siege with crises: the Soviet quandary in Afghanistan; the support of the Polish public in the United States peeved the Soviet socialist model; To counter the U.S. Star Wars agenda, the Soviet Union had to point that remaining resources are invested in the military, national severe overdraft, almost spewing; rely on energy exports to Western Europe in exchange for foreign exchange by the United States blocked the road and the Soviet Union was forced to sell gold for foreign exchange.
time has come to a decisive combat. In January 1991 and February, the U.S. financial war experts million fortress on the market gold trading in London, wantonly short gold up to 200 tons of gold plummeted, the Soviet Union suffered distinct blow export swap skill. Prior to this, in October 1990, Vantaa twice higher than the black-market price ratio (28 rubles exchange 1 U.S. dollar) 50 billion dollars to buy the 140 billion rubles. Then this 140 billion rubles Vantaa Meng darted out, storm ruble devaluation, after the Soviet Union oiled traitor who, together with the Soviet government's incompetence, leading to sharp ruble devaluatiin seasons or more. Is served, the aggregate wealth of the Soviet Union lost up to $ 27,500,000,000,000.
course, if the Soviet Government at that critical moment for the state financial control, will not appear on the tragic result. The problem is that they do not do that, they too believe that
after, Yeltsin and the IFM initiated under the guidance of the implementation of the Russian economic shock therapy: see the firm monetary, structural correction and debt restructuring. Method can not be erroneous, can be fussy transfusion (international financial favour) is not in location, the result is a wastage to half of Russia's GDP, is plummeting alive standards. An able-bodied polar bear gently on the stack to be so down.

6,

attack Japan with 70 years of international financial forces, the high fuel prices and high interest rates of 80 to consolidate the early the dollar's dominance, the third world countries deeply buried in debt bubble, but the U.S. also affected the industrial strength of the endless, causing the Japanese economy to take off. Started by imitating the Japanese, and then rapidly lower the price of making, in turn, the full impact of European and American markets, Japan's universal product sale.
international financial forces in the station's point of outlook,GHD Classic Straighteners, Japan is a rich charming portly, dining It can increase the strength, the disintegration of the globe also contribute to foam goals. So they shot in 1985.
wash up the international financial forces, the Japanese approach is not complicated: to force the long-term appreciation of the yen, a strong impact on Japan's export manufacturing industry, the Japanese economy is the standard export-led, export manufacturing sector hit The result is a serious decline in the Japanese economy's health. In order to reverse the downturn, the Japanese have led to domestic demand, lower interest rates will be the inevitable alternative, in order to ensure the Japanese economic bubble blowing is large enough, the international financial forces, and forced the Japanese government to annul the financial market regulation, and further cut interest rates (minimum of 2.5 %), causing the yen is awash with liquidity, while the yen limit international financial forces into the industry in third world countries which can not be settled in the yen to work mad torrent of speculation in the road only. Of course,GHD Red Straighteners, in order to ensure a large bubble blowing, bubble blowing process from Japan to profit, international financial forces, also a huge body of hot money into the Japanese economy is fueled and ready to burst the economic bubble in Japan before the restriction behalf. After the circular to start the international financial forces, the Japanese economic bubble to burst, the Japanese economic vitality.
in the manufacture of the Japanese economic bubble in the meantime, the international financial forces do not forget to use the .) The agreement double-edged sword, before the bubble burst in the Japanese economy, which blocked a great amplitude the pace of Japanese banks abroad gains; in the Japanese economic bubble burst, it seems to a large extent offset by the Japanese government to renew the economy of expansionary fiscal policy. From here you can discern how the so-called rules of the game is not just. It is favor a Chinese martial masterpieces training and a boxing man contest, boxing folk, said: On the surface, it is reasonable, because everyone is two hands two legs, we all do who do not suffer losses. Actually, the Chinese martial craft the accent is on If you set the
later the breakdown of Japan's spume economy, not only lost a big sum of asset, was too deeply planted the seeds of a speculative bubble. Since 1992, the Japanese gradually mushroom the proportion of non-productive loans. The current loans are essentially non-productive economic bubble in the manufacturing. Had a very healthy Japanese economic from this disease into the cream blind.

7, £

attack forces to stabilize the U.S. international financial hegemony, and to the bubble collapse the world economy, Manufactured in the 70's oil crisis and the implementation has extreme monetary policy (17% interest rate), Western European countries has also brought inflation. Repeated in Western Europe in order to reverse the economic impact of the economic bubble, the U.S. dollar made from the roller coaster along with the anguish of the late 70s, France and Germany resolved to establish its own monetary system, and Ronald Reagan and the Soviet Union to take advantage of the opportunity to establish a hegemony European Monetary System.
1992 年 2 17, European alien ministers and finance ministers of 12 countries Maastricht in the Netherlands signed the provisions of the EC (EU) countries in 3 steps to complete the go of a single currency, the 1st step is to strengthen the already existing European commute rate machinery, to achieve the free stream of chief; second step is to establish the European Monetary Institute, responsible for coordinating the EC national financial plan; third step is to establish a unified euro and the European Monetary Institute to upgrade to the European Central Bank, the European Union countries to develop a unified monetary policy. If successful achievement of the project, the euro and the dollar on an equal footing tin.
However, when the European Union economic development is very irregular. At the tip of economic boom in Germany, dominated the economic development of Europe as a whole; the moss of recession Britain; Italy, not even Britain.
At that time, in the United Kingdom there is a more special place: Prime Minister John Major has been capable to fashion the closet came to power, Margaret Thatcher because of the hostile policy of the EC caused by the extreme conservative fish in distressed waters before the success of confusion within the party. Although Major pro-European camp to encounter the UK joined the European exchange rate mechanism requirements, can take a slice of the European integration process; but John Major has not fully met the requirements of pro-European faction, as the City of London is the utter muff can not afford. So, John Major, when the Government signed the Treaty requires EU countries to establish the time allowed in the euro, the pound may proceed to exist, the Bank of England remain neutral.
very cautious though John Major government, still provoke vengeance for the City of London.
in the , and Mark Sterling and other currencies to be pegged to every other reasons - Sterling only allowed to float among a certain scope, once further the scope of the provisions of the Member States have the liability of the Central Bank via the sale of servant currency market intervention, the currency of the nation exchange rate reliability to the prescribed range. As a result, the pound even smaller than the winding, the British Government can not take the initiative via the devaluation of sterling to motivate economic evolution, out of a depression.
in the After German reunification, East Germany beneath the shock of infrastructure development, the German economy from overheating, the German central bank had raised interest rates to curb inflation, which gave the pound has brought greater pressure. Sterling only two alternatives, 1 is to increase interest rates to retain the pound sterling in the capital market's competitiveness, the second is a lot of purchasing in the foreign exchange market to maintain the pound sterling exchange rate stability. But these two options are very difficult to raise interest rates make the UK's economic downturn even worse; the money to stabilize the market financing of the British Government can not even come to depend on lending, but whether the operation failed to stabilize the market, the British government will behind a ponderous external debt burden.
other way is to argue the then German mark interest rates lower, reducing the ascent oppression on sterling, yet the Germans do not absence to help; to persuade other European countries tolerate the transient devaluation of sterling to the British economy breathing space idea was rejected in Europe the. The most vulnerable in the pound, when George Soros shot.
In fact, at this time, vindicate the pound's strength is not the Bank of England, but the central banks of other countries in Europe, especially Germany, the central bank. Because the power of the United Kingdom single is not able to maintain the exchange rate of sterling against the mark at the level of 1:2.95. All educated people know thatthe British economy could not support the high exchange rate of sterling, but almost no one challenged to attack the weak pound shot lightly - at the peak of Germany is compliant to hand, the pound is secure. Although this time the German
powerful, but there are also perplexing because it wants to fight on both sides. Thermal requirements of the German economy not only can not at this time the German central bank cut interest rates, but also interest rates, because the East German investment in infrastructure to further increase the inflationary pressures will make pile up weight. The results, along with Mark's interest rate increase, pile up pounds too much for the Bank of England has again bumbling German central bank cut interest rates again asked Britain to cut interest rates to stimulate exports to the United Kingdom. Germans are not do not know the Bank of England between the British Government and point out the asset that - you blend in fighting what we outsiders? Germans nay to be the only option. Outsiders can not see the gateway of which, however, the Bank of England as a pledge of George Soros will not even know how?
stand because the Germans, the pound could not stand up, fell from the early summer of 1:2.85 1:2.95, and 1:2.80 fell in late August. Provisions of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism exchange rate of sterling against the jot shall not be fewer than 1 to 2.778. £'s time to attack.
9 months, Soros led a group of financial gamblers in the market began to attack the weak British pound (and the Italian lira). British Government has taken various measures to cope with the crisis: it reiterated requests to lower interest rates in Germany, but Germany refused; helpless to raise their interest rates to 15%, hoping to fascinate money through high interest rates of return, but with little success, pound exchange rate or the minimum failed to hold on 2.778. In this battle to defend the pound, the British government spent 26.9 billion value of foreign exchange reserves, finally being wretched, the pound fell against the mark's parity of 2.7%, fell to 2.703, well under the minimum limit of the exchange rate mechanism. John Major announced that Britain from the European currency exchange rate mechanism, followed by Italy withdrew from the United Kingdom and Italy began to float the currency, the two countries central banks who no longer share in the market to maintain its own currency status. Euro was not yet formed knocked to the floor.
in this gamble, the Soros short sterling $ 7,000,000,000, production Potomac 60 million. At the same time scale short Italian lira, French franc to do more; also bought $ 500,000,000 worth of UK equities, short selling their stock in Germany and France, as a national currency devaluation constantly results in higher stock market in the country. The movement Soros total proceeds $ 2,000,000,000, of which £ 1 billion revenue comes from short, another 10 million profit from the Italian lira and the Swedish krona and the Tokyo stock market chaos.

8, opposition the bombards in Southeast Asia

pound and the lira in order to retard the establishment of the euro district to crack down on Japan but also to inhibit per Zone. Japan,GHD Rare Straighteners, the yen was down district inventor, the next step is to excavate up the roots, external space district to suppress the yen, Japan's economy fully ziped living space appearance - Southeast Asia; the same time, as China Southeast Asia for their own backyard, occupation of the South-East Asia will compress the outer space on China's economy can be turned the pistol directly on altitude of the gate in China, in fact, international financial forces doing the same object - Soros Swinger ran in Southeast Asia do not all over of Hong Kong to kill you ?
flies do not clutch a seamless egg. International financial forces start to ascertain opportunities for Southeast Asian countries is causative:
the surface, the Tigers were all kind of lusty, strong in the table does not actually strong. The development of these economies for numerous years, and no real vantage of industry groups,GHD Carry Case & Heat Mat, international competitiveness is relatively restricted. These countries are also believe the recommendations of international friends, opening too quick, after the presentation of a large digit of international capital but because there is not dominant industry group's headlong fall into the correct guidance of the stock market and housing market, thumping a huge bubble. Blowing bubbles inevitably lead to languid economic system in these countries, institutional disability after the bubble burst seemed to be the trend - the bubble is such a vicious circle.
Southeast Asian countries have been pegged to the USD. In 1994, ahead they take the ride, entire the way depreciation of U.S. greenback, emulated by devaluation of their currencies, export enterprises in these countries are better days, because the value of exports deserving to currency devaluation has convert cheaper; However, after strength of the USD began up, tug tigers are very exhausted; this time, and depreciation of the renminbi and the yen, the Tigers and their export has been seriously squeezed. In this trailer as a squeeze between the Tigers have Jiabu Zhu, the competence to barter a serious ebb in exports, trade deficit, huge increase. At the same time, the abatement of fiscal controls, hot money rolling in, and further push up amounts and stock amounts, and the formation of a serious inflation. To battle inflation, the chief bank had to heave interest rates, interest rate arc of hot money into the post more drastic, resulting in the external debt of these countries extra ... ... 1996, the Thai present account shortage of 230 billion U.S. dollars, South Korea is for lofty as 23.7 billion U.S. dollars, the money devaluation trend appeared.
course, these countries are black and there are other reasons, such as the huge short-term debt into long-term investments, forming an unreasonable debt building, short-term debt maturity is a straight consequence and if it does not come in new debt through the debt card on his neck, though they have enough credit, but these are long-term debt, much will not be forthcoming.
have aimed at the chance to start an international financial forces, and sent before the financial hacker ran Great Satan demands to kill over Thailand - Thailand is a Southeast Asian countries because of financial market opening the highest, emancipation of access of capital, the most serious bubble in Thailand, the real possession bubble burst and they have revealed signs. Against a small country like Thailand, very cozy on the storm can be hard. Soros led the first battalion of the speculative funds short selling baht ahead contracts, and then buffet Kuangpao baht exchange rate, while death-defying Zapan in the stock market short the stock market, Thailand is only a mere 30 billion U.S. dollars of foreign exchange keeps, which have been Soros's frustrating to live a few days down the Thai government to exhaustion, and desperation, slit out Peter to disburse Paul, announced the baht float, the result on the day of the Thai baht depreciated by 20%. This is suddenly the Thai government was Soros initial success against the whole of Southeast Asia homeopathy, the rupiah, Philippine peso, Kyat, have sharp depreciation of the Malaysian ringgit, citizen stock market break, factory closures, bank failures, rising prices, appalling. From July 1997 along 6 months, the currency devaluation of Southeast Asian countries 30% to 50%, the rupiah as high as 70%. Decline in the stock market in these countries over the same period by 30% to 60%. The countries of Southeast Asia caused economic losses of more than 100 billion U.S. dollars, these countries into caustic recession. In the international financial forces graph against the Tigers who still do not have eyes, plunged headlong into the embrace of the IMF, IMF has sent seasoned specialists to help heal - these specialists are in the Mexican financial emergency was over capability - the That financial emergency George Soros did it. Results Jidao down, virtually to the dismemberment of these tigers are.