Volleyball illustration
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2 ★ super-energy couple T-shirts
3 ★ Origin of Volleyball
the inventor of volleyball - American Morgan
(a) power technology forward to the 4th marked the rise of the industrial revolution, rapid economic development, labor productivity has been greatly improved, and improved the livelihood of workers, people's way of life also will be undergoing tremendous changes. School curriculum will be listed sports, women have more freedom of movement, the introduction of community planning urban parks and recreation, transportation improvements make it possible to participate in sports activities, publications, dissemination of the sports information increases. Off time and money, so that people entertainment and interest in sports is growing.
1891, the American James Naismith at Springfield College invented the game of basketball.
4 years after basketball was invented from just 10 miles away from the city of Holyoke, Massachusetts, had just taken only a year of college graduates of Springfield College, William G · Morgan, play from the YMCA of Holyoke City Sports Executive of the work. He found at work, basketball and the Office of sedentary older people, too severe, they do not want to run out of breath on the court, collision, they need a new sport to meet their activities both to a little sweat, but also get tired physically and mentally without the need to relax. Morgan, the James Naismith's favorite disciples, there is no hope to live up to people and teachers, who according to the needs of people, hanging in the stadium tennis net, with basketball gall to play the ball back and forth online space. Play tennis and handball on the use of some of the techniques, rules similar to baseball, from 9 Board composed of row 3 is divided into a bureau, the number of sides playing open, subject to the other. Morgan took the form of this movement to a rather interesting name
Thus, from playing volleyball to basketball this ball game in the gall bladder developed.
1896, the United States Springfield, Massachusetts YMCA in Holyoke sports guide the General Assembly held in the city. The General Assembly held during the earliest history of the Excitedly watch the performances of A · T · Hals Dr feel movement, and obtain the participants agreed. Since then, volleyball - a on with the basketball. but basketball fight too heavy, too heavy, play it wrist pain, and easily hurt your fingers. basketball not work, Morgan and try football. but football has the same defect. As a result, bile from Morgan Basketball Remove basketball, inflatable bladders, after both light and floating, playing up than basketball, football better. but the ball gall and too light, difficult to control direction. Morgan found when the U.S. Secretary insured large sporting goods company,
Louis Vuitton luggage, asked them to design a system with a soft cowhide ball, the ball is neither your fingers, while not a hit and run. In this way, Paul D Division massage root design company to make its first volleyball. head weight 255 g ~ 340 g, circumference 63.5 ~ 68.6 cm, rubber leather or canvas cover outsourcing bile, made a similar volleyball now. Today is the size and weight volleyball evolved accordingly.
1897, the United States first announced the 10 provisions of the rules of volleyball match, the ball is wrapped in leather or canvas with rubber sleeve bile, the ball circumference 63.5-68.6 cm and weighs 340 grams.
1947, the FIVB enacted the establishment of the first rules of the International Volleyball: Volleyball weight of 250 to 300 grams, circumference 65 to 68.5 cm, pressure of 0.52 to 0.58 kg / square cm.
Since then, the block instead of leather stitched leather or cloth cover, stitch bonding technology instead of technology, and finally formation of the current volleyball: made of soft leather case, built-in rubber or similar material made of ball gall.
(c) the pressure is too dead of golf, put gas decompression easy to hit
250 ~ 300 grams of weight, 0.52 to 0.58 kg / square centimeter pressure so that the heavy hand Volleyball fight, the game was suspended due to many ball faster, especially pad ball technology have enabled the arm with the arm ball hit like a stone. Thus, the FIVB constantly change the rules to reduce the ball air pressure. Following the ball's pressure from 0.52 to 0.58 kg / square centimeter down 0.48 to 0.52 kg / square centimeter and later, is 1 January 1982 the rules introduced into the ball : 260 ~ 280 g weight, circumference of 65 to 67 cm, pressure 0.40 ~ 0.45 kg / square centimeter. This requirement has been extended to use in 1996.
However, with the Volleyball Skills and Tactics development of volleyball players to improve physical fitness, volleyball match interrupt also increased. popularity, according to the FIVB Board to promote the 1995 survey, a dead ball in volleyball match time accounted for 2 / 3. This has greatly affected the availability of Volleyball ornamental. In 1995, the FIVB Board to promote the popularity of most people welcome the project on the survey, volleyball ranked in football, basketball, racing, track and field, skiing, the only sixth. This attempt Volleyball FIVB push into the world of sports goals are far apart. caused by a dead ball in volleyball match one of the reasons is that too much too fast ball.
this end, its Chairman of the FIVB Rules Committee, China Beijing Sport University, under the leadership of Professor Ma Qiwei, since 1995 to start the experiment with different pressure the ball on its flight speed and its use in the race results. Experimental studies have found a company of scientists are currently difficult to explain the interesting phenomenon : When the ball's air pressure of 0.30 kg / square centimeter, the same conditions, the ball hitting the slowest players feel the best. increase or decrease the pressure the ball, ball almost at 0.30 kg / cm time. strong team in the world-class volleyball game test also showed that when the current air pressure with the ball game, defensive success rate was 54%, when using 0.30 kg / square centimeter of the ball game, the defensive success rate 73%, an increase of 19 percentage points. This means that defense to get help, dead ball rate decreased level of increase in the wonderful game.
Based on the above results, in August 1996 adopted by the FIVB Congress in Atlanta 1997 to 2000 amendments to the rules of volleyball competition, and from January 1, 1997 since the implementation of new rules. The new rules: Volleyball by a shell made of soft leather, rubber or similar material built into the ball gall, the weight 260 ~ 280 g, circumference 65 ~ 67 cm, pressure 0.30 ~ 0.325 kg / square centimeter.
(d) with the appears, through the Church's communication activities and the U.S. army's military and war, and spread to countries around the world.
transmission of the Asian Volleyball earlier. by the spread of the YMCA in 1900, volleyball into India; 1905 years, came to China; 1908 was brought to Japan; 1910 passed the Philippines.
when the Asian Volleyball successor, the rule is still in the incomplete stage. When in 1910 American missionaries Brown volleyball introduced to the Philippines and saw the Asian countries are often carried out in the outdoor volleyball, and the population, taking into account so that more people can participate in volleyball, he introduced a system of 16 for the volleyball serve. This system of play and 16 With the 1913 adoption of the first Far East Games spread to Asian countries. In this way, Asian countries have experienced 16, 12, 9 Volleyball this process until the 50's before the introduction of 6 volleyball. to date, 9 Asian countries can also see volleyball system.
activities with the YMCA, volleyball in the early 20th century America into a number of countries.
1900, Canada became outside the United States carried out the first national volleyball activities. and then to pass the South American countries volleyball. Cuba introduced in 1905; passed Puerto Rico in 1909; introduced in 1912 Uruguay; transmission in Brazil in 1917.
In the Americas, people used to be a volleyball activity as entertainment activities, and not the nature of sports competition of its value until 1964, was listed as the Olympics, volleyball before getting the cold shoulder suffered in the Americas to improve.
during World War I (1914 a 1919) and the years after World War I, the U.S. military who Volleyball out military training camp of the training program extended to the United States and overseas military camps, thousands of volleyball and the net was sent to the hands of U.S. soldiers. Meanwhile it has also been presented to the Allied forces as a gift of sports officials. In this way, volleyball with the U.S. army's military activities in Europe and spread to Mediterranean coast. 1914, transmission of the United Kingdom; successor in 1917, France, Italy, Russia; successor of Yugoslavia in 1918; successor in 1919 Czechoslovakia, Poland; successor of Germany in 1922.
is worth mentioning that in 1919, United States sent 16,000 troops distributed forces and volleyball to its allies, this action greatly stimulated the launching of volleyball in Europe. In 1925, the Stalin-led Communist Party Central Committee approved the former Soviet Union as a mass sport volleyball proposed intellectuals came to invade our country, the American missionaries at a time when missionary preaching the volleyball team with them. In 1905, the first volleyball event in Guangzhou and Hong Kong secondary schools Nambu Advocating Queen's College, and later mainly through YMCA Sports Department, students. foreigners such as the teaching, games, training and performances to spread, gradually volleyball some schools in some cities to carry out together. people according to the transliteration of Volleyball, the ball flying in the air called . In this way, In order to earn more gold medals in the host before the provisional decision. to the opening day, only the Philippines, a country of enrollment, so encourage China to participate. when he was appointed team leader of the American Browning total Gray agreed to the request of the Philippine team, from track and field , soccer team temporary candidates, rush into battle, Toudingjiaoti, the results to two straight sets 0:2 ratio Bureau. This is the first international volleyball in China to participate in games.
1914 in Beijing Old China, held on the second session of the National Games, volleyball official event was classified as men, and Old China Games for the first time in Guangdong Province has the eighth volleyball game.
1930 year old before the Fourth China National Games, the China National Sports Association study was based on their ball in the air back and forth row Participants hit and two rows of stations in the characteristics of the >
(f) the establishment of the FIVB, volleyball charm
expansion of the global nature of the game world and the world of volleyball at the request led to the establishment of the FIVB.
1947 was held in Paris, ranked 17 countries represented at the General Assembly, Association, formal establishment of the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB). French Lieber was elected Chairman Powell, in office until 1984; then Mexican Arcos Tower elected FIVB President, the incumbent has.
FIVB in 1949 in Prague hosted the first men's volleyball world championships.
from start-up to volleyball 1949 session of the World Men's Volleyball Championship, during the course of half a century passed. In this half century, the gradual formation of volleyball rules, basic skills and tactics become more abundant, more and more international exchanges.
1952 年The first session was held in Moscow Women's Volleyball Championship, the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games volleyball was admitted to the Olympics, held in Warsaw in 1965, the first World Volleyball Tournament, held in Uruguay in 1973 the first Women's World Cup . Thus, the formation of Volleyball Championship, World Cup volleyball tournament, the Olympic volleyball competition of three built the whole world system, to host the event every four years. Since then, the World Volleyball Tournament series of young men and women were added to the World Championships ( 1977). World Junior Championships men and women (1989), World Volleyball League (1990) and the World Grand Prix (1993).
1997, the FIVB has become a 213 countries and regional members, the world's largest single sports federation. to participate in the number of volleyball has more than 100 million 5 million, volleyball has become the world second only to soccer's widespread popularity of the sport, by people of all countries喜爱.
1964 Olympic women's volleyball final in Tokyo, Japan TV viewing rate of the population 91%.
1981 Karamay in the suburbs of Paris, held the annual Volleyball someone.
1983 年 7 months ago 苏联 the Kingdom Volleyball access to football in Brazil, with Brazilian volleyball for up to 10 million viewers in the football competition was carried out, there are 96,000 people who watch the games, because heaven Qingpendayu interrupt the game 45 minutes, not even one exit.
1986 founded the Mediterranean island of Malta in the annual volleyball marathon. Volleyball Marathon every year in August from the first race weekend officially began 22:00. Competition among the six teams for continuous rotation. 1986, 100 consecutive hours, 120 hours in 1987, 1988, 144 hours, 170 hours in 1989, 1990, 180 hours, 190 hours in 1991, 1992, 195 hours, and now more than 200 hours. volleyball marathon attracted 85% of the population of the city to the match, by the International Olympic Committee, the FIVB, the European Union and other international sports organizations row congratulations.
order to further promote volleyball development of the movement in 1988, the FIVB has developed materials and video materials. FIVB in 1995 launched the sponsor programs of interest; to become a modern high volleyball administration professional organizations; the number of countries with a high level team growing.
[material reproduced with the network]
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