Wikipedia workflow consulting company business card
consulting firm is a commercial company, services to enterprises and entrepreneurs engaged in soft science research and development, the use of specialized knowledge and experience to provide specific services with the mental.
About Consulting is engaged in soft science research and development, and sale of These companies are commercial companies, receive the intent and requirements of persons, the use of specialized knowledge and experience to provide specific services with the mental.
consulting firm is to help businesses and entrepreneurs, by addressing the management and operational issues, identify and seize new opportunities, and strengthen learning and implementing change to achieve the business goals of an independent, professional consulting services. It is made with rich knowledge and experience in business management experts, in-depth to the corporate site, in close cooperation with the enterprise management, using various scientific methods to identify the main operation and management issues, quantitative and qualitative analysis to identify cause of the problem, put forward practical solutions to improve and guide the implementation of solid development in order to seek a way to improve business enterprise management services company.
tasks of its mandate are: First, production and management to help companies find the major problems, identify the causes and development of practical improvement;
second is to improve the implementation of the program guide;
third is to teach the theory and scientific management methods, training of cadres at all levels of management companies, and fundamentally improve enterprise quality.
present, there are more than 40,000 consulting firms, mostly small workshop-style mode of operation, and the operation is not standardized, the only way combination, practicing internal strength, building a scientific, rigorous, standardized the ability of local consulting firm that is the way out.
world-renowned consulting firm domestic one, co-prone human resources management consulting firm is the first building dedicated to human resource management system, one of the research and practice. Combined easily with a unique business philosophy, business model and core counseling techniques. Since its inception in 1997 has been successful for automobiles, machinery manufacturing, logistics, commerce, food, high-tech IT, medicine, electricity, telecommunications, home appliances, and financial industries to provide over five hundred human resource management services.
as a professional consulting organizations with a reliable and easy to become a long-term strategic business partner, providing human resources management, corporate culture and other fields of professional services. Principal Consultant easy to consult together: Miss Chen Ming.
II PKU management consulting firm founded in 1996, is the first in accordance with the Companies Act set up the management consulting company, is controlled by the Peking University, Beijing University Guanghua School of Management to set up a modern enterprise system, standardized operation professional management consulting firm. PKU has now become an annual turnover of almost billion, with domestic and international elite MBA, domestic and international senior management of large enterprises in more than two hundred, including official advisers, the project manager of the large number ninety consulting firm. PKU Management Consulting Company brand consulting industry has become China's most well-known brands. North Latitude Consulting founder and CEO: Wang Pu. Foreign 1, the McKinsey Global one of the most famous management consulting firm, founded in 1926 in the United States, is designed for senior corporate management services to international companies in 44 countries and regions in the world has opened 84 branches, the current has more than 9,000 consultants were from 78 countries, all with world-renowned institutions of higher degree. Its business strategy is to provide advice, and also involved in corporate finance, business technology and operations such as a wide range of consulting and management issues. McKinsey & Company was named
2, Roland. Berger
Roland Berger Strategy Consultants in Germany, established in 1967, has become Europe's largest management consulting company, part of Deutsche Bank Group in 26 countries and territories worldwide with 35 offices. Consultant company nearly ten countries from around the world. Provide enterprises with expertise in corporate strategy, reconstruction, restructuring, marketing, logistics operations, a joint enterprise merger and human resources management consulting services to help you solve to determine the market entry strategy, business model of China's establishment of joint ventures and acquisitions reconstruction , national sales network control and personnel recruitment and retention problems.
3, tin tin ex ex management consultancy company focusing on corporate strategy and strategic implementation of professional management consulting firm. Services provided by the strategic performance assessment, corporate social responsibility system, the corporate culture systems, implementation of the strategy consultants perennial systems (operations management), the group control system, and strategic planning. Dr. Jiang Ruxiang by the famous founder of consulting experts.
4, Accenture, a global management and information technology consulting organization, fiscal year 2003 net income of 11.8 billion U.S. dollars. Has more than 83,000 employees in 47 countries and regions with more than 110 branches. Broad range of customers in all walks of life deep in the professional services and business solutions. The guidance of the company's strategic objectives, in order to meet customer needs in all directions, is continually expanding network of business services including management consulting, information technology, business outsourcing, business alliances and ventures.
5, BearingPoint BearingPoint (BearingPoint) - the former KPMG Consulting (KPMG Consulting), headquartered in McLean, Virginia, is the world's largest management consulting firms and systems integrators, one more than 16,000 employees and annual revenue of nearly 2.9 billion, global services, more than 2,100 enterprise customers, including 72 U.S. BearingPoint (BearingPoint) has a high retention rate of customers, including the top 150 to maintain the rate of 96%, while the top 50 largest customers retention rate is as high as 100%.
5, Nico Cole Tierney was founded in 1926, is a leading high-value management consulting firm, located in 60 cities in 35 countries, 5,000 employees worldwide in 2002 income $ 1,084,000,000. In all major industries have a wide range of capabilities, expertise and experience, and provide a full range of management consulting services, including strategic, organizational, operational, and business technology solutions, business transformation services, and executive search services.
6, long loose contact
founded by Gu Changsong teacher organization system construction of the domestic first-class supplier by China International Brand Association awarded the
Guchang Song pine consulting teacher is chairman of China's most popular human resource management experts, the first Chinese enterprise organization system construction supervisor,
Pines Consulting focuses on business organization system construction, with the domestic first-class organization system construction consultant and mentor, the powerful organizational system software development and service teams, professional customer service platform in China
Advisory pine establishment year, form a set of cultural transmission companies, technology companies, regional molecule companies, R & D center, call center, as one of the cross-industry group, and constantly developed and launched , enhance corporate maturity.
long loose contact is to establish the tripartite vision of the future fund, the investment of national education, construction, Marketing Institute of China, mainly cultivate successors and senior management as the goal of higher education, the use of standardized advice pine real materials to enhance the quality of Chinese management.
7, Xinhua New Huaxin Cheng letter stand in 1992, is the largest and oldest local Chinese management consulting company, headquartered in Beijing, with branch offices in Shanghai and Guangzhou. Up to now, Xinhua has more than 400 full-time professional letter of consultants and researchers. Sinotrust management consulting service areas include: corporate strategy, organizational and human resources, marketing, business information, business processes and capital operation and other aspects.
8, Booz Zhaopin management consulting firm Booz Zhaopin was founded in November 2000, overseas investment by domestic institutions and consulting agencies composition. Mainly engaged in the business development strategy consulting, organizational consulting, business process reengineering and optimization, corporate human resources development planning, human resources management, industry research and other aspects of business, the domestic consulting industry in recent years in the fast-growing and influential professional advisory body .
9, Deloitte Deloitte is the leading professional services organizations, nine cities in China - Beijing, Dalian, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macau, Nanjing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Tianjin are equipped Affairs which, with over 2,500 professionals. Deloitte offers a range of clients, including auditing and consulting, financial advisory, study into the research, risk management and tax services. Deloitte's professional services group has 16,000 employees across 130 countries and regions in fiscal year 2001 to achieve 3.5 billion revenue, with operations in every corner of the world, is the world's top five accounting firms.
10, 盖洛普盖洛普 company renowned social scientists from the United States, Dr. 乔治盖洛普 founded in 1930, is the world's leading public opinion polls and commercial research / consulting firm. In Beijing, China, and has offices in Shanghai and Guangzhou. Gallup business research and consulting include: environmental monitoring, training and consulting, staff selection and training, customer satisfaction and loyalty measurement and consulting, strategic brand and marketing research, measurement and consulting.
11, war and hunting employed is a famous high-end human resources services company, based in central location in the north and south China's Shandong Province,
prestashop, currently executive search firm established in Beijing, Shanghai, headhunters, executive search firm in Dalian, executive search firm in Xi'an, Shenzhen and Qingdao executive search firm executive search firm and other branches, completed the layout of the market in mainland China, and through the network established in Taiwan in the form of search channels. Flames of hunting high-level human resources employed in the field of search and recruitment has unique advantages in resources, has extensive experience in human resources, executive search consultants team and part-time consultants, large-scale pool of professional managers and recruiters across the country part-time information on all walks of life Members of the network. Hunting war employed in the industrial manufacturing companies, real estate, IT, logistics and other fields with strong service resources, and in the field of directors established a robust search search channels.
war and hunting employed company with an open mind and positive spirit of innovation, integrity and a wide range of senior professional managers talent search talent network and the accumulation of full integration of resources, is becoming a famous high-end human resources search service and recruitment consultants.
12, Boston, business management consulting firm in Boston (BCG) is the world's leading management consulting firm, called the field of strategic management consulting industry leaders, and recognized as a pioneer. Group was founded in 1963, with more than 2,800 professional consultants in the world with 58 offices in major cities. Our mission is to help customers more than its competitors. Its major customers around the world are large-scale enterprises, including the rapid development in the areas of our industry continue to develop innovative medium-sized companies. Main business involves consumer goods and retail; industrial; energy and utilities; health care; high technology; financial services.
13, SAP SAP was founded in 1972, is headquartered in Waldorf, Germany, is the world's largest enterprise management software and collaborative business solutions provider, the world's third-largest independent software supplier. 73 Global 500, by Forbes magazine as a brand value growth of the software company. Currently, more than 120 countries worldwide to more than 19,300 home users are more than 60,100 sets of running SAP software. 80% of Fortune 500 companies are moving from the benefits of SAP's management program. SAP has more than 50 countries worldwide branches,
virtuemart template, and in several stock exchanges including the Frankfurt and New York Stock Exchange.
14, Hewitt Hewitt is the largest comprehensive human resource management consulting company, has 60 years experience in customer service and market leading position for the company specializes in providing strategic human resources management solutions, its clients include Annual turnover in 2001, 1.5 billion, of which the world thirty-seven city, a total of eighty-five offices, more than thousand worldwide consultants, headquartered in Lincoln, the state of the United States Yili Luo Forest County. In Greater China, Hewitt is the largest and the most senior international consulting firm.
15, Tsinghua nine strategic management consulting firm of management consultants from nine slightly Tsinghua University, is accompanied by the emergence of Chinese management consulting industry continue to grow with the development of professional management consulting firm. Tsinghua University based on the professional background and personnel, by virtue of the many years of consulting experience in business management prestashop extraction of
prestashop summary, nine have become prestashop most powerful strategic management consulting company. To provide business development strategy, business operations systems, enterprise change management consulting prestashop House three levels of service.
16, former PricewaterhouseCoopers PricewaterhouseCoopers accounting firm Price Waterhouse International (Price Waterhouse) and the international accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (Coopers & Lybrand) in July 1, 1998 merger come, is the world's largest accounting firms, an alarming scale, distributed in 139 countries and territories worldwide in 183 offices in 1, with 155,000 employees and 9,000 partners, in fiscal year 2001 sales income of 22.3 billion. Its headquarters is now Bermuda. The company's main business in five specific areas: assurance and business advisory services, business process outsourcing, financial advisory services, global human resources, management consulting services.
17, Hewlett-Packard HP Consulting is a global business integrator. HP in the world has more than 6,000 consultants providing local services. The main provider of financial services, network service providers services, CRM and e-commerce, IT services, expansion of manufacturing services.
18, Bain Bain & Company was founded in 1973 and headquartered in Boston, the world's leading advisory body. Its main founder William Bain Consulting in Boston early years of employment. In 1973, several leading consultants Bain left the Boston company, set up a Bain & Company. In mid-1973 to 80 years, Bain & Company's annual growth rate of 50%. In 1998, Bain consultants nearly 1,500 people with annual revenue of 4.5 billion U.S. dollars, customers are mainly located in more than 60 countries. The company's main business areas include: strategic decision-making, e-commerce strategy, customer relationships, business growth, optimize business operations management, supply chain management, organization and change management, mergers and acquisitions Bain & Company that should be provided to the customer experience for customers based on beat the competition and the rate of return for more services. Their business is not confined to any one of the traditional industries, but from numerous industrial and business model perspective view of a unique, customer get from them is always the best results, rather than report it.
19, Mercer Mercer Human Resource Consulting is the world's largest employee benefits, compensation and human resources management consulting firm. In 2001, Visteon global consulting revenues of approximately $ 1,700,000,000, in 2002, agencies and employees more than 13,000 corporate customers in China to provide more and more direct solution for human resources and compensation data.
20, Chile more professional training for the world's largest consulting company, has been committed to prestashop Has set up branches in 54 countries prestashop employs more than 2,500. Chile also has a more consulting in China, an influential customer base, a total of 70 full-time and part-time consultant. Local service with more than ten years of experience, we serve customers involved in telecommunications, high technology, information technology, government, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical, medical services, insurance, finance, manufacturing, transportation, retail trade.
21, Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide the world's largest communications services companies, for many world famous brand strategy to provide professional consultancy and communication services. Ogilvy & Mather in 1948 by the Today, Ogilvy & Mather has become a global International Group, providing a wide range of communication services, such as advertising, customer relationship marketing, public relations, interactive marketing, promotion and visual management. As one of the world's top ten media company, Ogilvy & Mather in the 2000 turnover of 8.8 billion. At present, Ogilvy 100 countries around the world with 359 offices and regions, and has more than 10,000 talented professionals and innovative thinking. Ogilvy & Mather will be the local cultural context and its own international network combine to help customers keep their international brand consistency, while providing consistent local demand for its communication strategy.
22, Kaijie Kai Jie formerly Kaijie An Yong, is the world's largest consulting, technology services and outsourcing companies. Committed to helping enterprises to implement growth strategies and the rational use of latest technology. The company has over 50,000 employees, annual global revenues in 2002 was 70.4 billion euros. In the Asia Pacific region, has about 1,500 employees, and in Australia, China, India, Japan and Singapore have extensive areas covered by the many offices.
23, IBM Global Business Services, which IBM GBS is the world's largest consulting organizations, consultants and experts in over 160 countries. IBM Global Business Services provides clients with business transformation and industry expert advisory services, and through integration, rapid, innovative business solutions to achieve customer value. IBM Global Business Services provides leading transformation consulting services, cross-sectoral, and strategic change, application of technology services, application management services, financial management, human asset management services, customer relationship management services, marketing services, marketing services, supply chain management and procurement services.
24, China consulting, that CCAFM, also known as the Chinese Financial Advisory Co., Ltd., established in 1982, the original directly under the Ministry of Finance, the domestic financial management, overall budget, risk control and internal control management, project cost, asset assessment of the most professional consulting firm. Societe Generale for the country's top three Tianjian asset appraisal firms, Bo Cheng Albert the Great Hall, etc. who have significant financial cost of funding the project budget and final accounts. For three decades, the company CNOOC, China can wait five hundred enterprises many of the world provide financial, strategic, human and other aspects of management consulting services, and made a classic case of many industries.
25, forward-looking information Future Business Information Limited was established in 1998 in Beijing, Tsinghua. The company is committed to provide customers with strategic reference value of industry market research, industry research company IPO market segmentation, monthly market monitoring, depth market research, project feasibility study report, as well as to meet the learning and enhance the viability of businesses world-class management wisdom. Combination of forward-looking information the company for 10 years, the accumulation of massive data and professional research, relying on national statistical agencies and industry associations of professional data, to provide complete, accurate, timely, continuous market intelligence and information services industries. Company after 10 years of development, now is a leading market research agency!
Prospects It is understood that China joined the WTO, foreign investment into China, and Chinese enterprises to go abroad, the demand for consulting growing rapidly, prospects of development consulting industry.
consulting industry has developed rapidly in the world. According to the data: in Germany, a company engaged in management consulting with nearly 7,000. In the UK 80% of medium-sized enterprises to carry out year-round employment strategy consulting firm, organization, management, production and information technology consulting. U.S. consulting firm's services cover the management, technology, engineering, financial and other aspects. As information systems consulting firm, professionals and technical analysis has unique advantages, more and more enterprises have been inseparable from the consulting industry. Foreign consulting firms will be targeted at leading enterprises, according to insiders, foreign consulting firms from the late 20th century, 70 to enter the Chinese market, has been developed to hundreds. With the change in the pattern of China's economy into China's foreign consulting companies, is no longer simply follow the original multinational companies to cooperate with them, but will be targeted at in the It is understood that Beijing Wangfujing Group was invited to spend 5 million yuan for them to do the development of McKinsey & Company management and business planning strategies; Shenyang and light group with 10 million yuan, please do business year round Arthur Andersen consultants; Guangdong paid today Group 1200 ten thousand yuan please McKinsey & Company, a high-level strategic management consultant; Ping An Insurance Group, McKinsey & Company spent 30 million yuan please restructuring its operations to re-establish the main directions; Arthur Andersen and the new overlord of the Chinese color TV to reach a comprehensive agreement TCL , said the audit, tax, financing and other aspects of cooperation. These are industry leading position, the strength of enterprises, a foreign consulting company is very optimistic about the high-end market. Local consulting firms are not fully mature to meet the market face a foreign consulting industry, consulting industry in China is still quite According to statistics, there are various types of consulting firm of more than 3 homes, while the real business of consulting services to more than 1,500 alone in the consulting industry in only a few big brands. State Economic and Trade Bureau, a market sources, the consulting market in China is still very imperfect, quite a number of consulting firms to collect information means backward, the main stay in the home survey, telephone interviews, statistics and other traditional forms, to collect information accuracy is not high, time is not strong, it is difficult for enterprises to provide systematic, accurate and timely decision-making information. In addition, the current lack of personnel consulting industry in China, the lack of specialized training institutions and enterprises are familiar with the operation of the compound talents. There are consulting firms, intellectual property rights of enterprises are not well protected, are beyond the scope of counseling programs to use, and even stolen by other companies. Most consulting firms
professional quality is not high, to gather information on the lack of processing ability, to provide to the enterprise intact. There is a lack of self-discipline consulting firm, offer the sky, ruining the reputation of the consulting firm, affecting the local consulting industry. Long-term research in the service trade and Trade Economics, CASS researcher Baizhong Yao said China's current lack of accurate management consulting market position, weak management of the entire industry, consulting firms, small and scattered, do not form a scale, even in the country Shenzhen, a fast-growing consulting industry, its business consulting firm focused on marketing, training, brand development, product agents and other primary business, is rarely associated with business strategy, information policy and other more advanced consulting business. Highly profitable market which give foreign consulting firms. Lack of understanding of business growth consulting their problems in addition to consulting, as well as domestic enterprises lack of knowledge of the consulting industry's problems. MOFTEC deputy director of Institute of Economic Research, said Ma Yu, a long time, domestic enterprises can be cost-effective consulting services skeptical. Limited by the system of state-owned enterprises are unwilling to engage in consultation. The private enterprises and lack of capital and scale can not afford consultants. Too much blind faith in foreign joint venture consulting company, a lack of trust on the domestic consulting firm. As a local consulting firm to not get the opportunity to grow. Baizhong Yao, the researchers said, in order to get home faster development consulting industry, national authorities should be operational as soon as possible to develop laws and regulations, establishment of national trade associations, and consulting services to enhance the value of publicity. Different consulting firms identify according to their market positioning expertise, but also continue to expand business and increase the scope of consulting services, and foreign consulting firms to improve competitiveness. SMEs are the largest market for local consulting firm, although the foreign consulting companies in the consulting industry to seize the opportunities, but they are expensive in consulting fees and do not understand the reality of China's national conditions, constitute the Achilles heel of foreign consulting firms. Industry sources, the segmentation of the Chinese market, the current domestic and foreign consulting firms business consulting firm, the basic non-overlapping, local consulting firm doing business generally small, red tape and special service requirements, foreign consulting firms disdain, not be able to do so, local consulting firms have sufficient time to accumulate experience in the business, shape the brand. Meanwhile, China is a very big market. National enterprises with annual sales of more than 10 million yuan more than ten million, more than 50 million yuan more than 30,000 enterprises, if the proportion of these enterprises to 5% of the normal consulting business, then
virtuemart template enough to eat consulting industry in China full, and to grow up fast. More than 95 percent of enterprises are SMEs, enterprises in the development process, management consulting is most needed, therefore, domestic SMEs are the most potential to carry out consulting market. It is understood that the foreign consulting firms as the main customers for the past, multinational companies, consulting implementation of the program more or less the standard reference to the Western companies, while the Chinese market is unique, these factors have an adverse foreign consulting firms. Therefore, foreign consulting company in cooperation with Chinese enterprises, there are also examples of co-occurrence of failure. At present, foreign consulting companies have noticed this and began to attract not only understands the West from the domestic business strategy, but also familiar with the situation of China
the face of the favorable situation of China's accession to the WTO, consulting industry will be rapid development as a knowledge-intensive industry, consulting industry, the role in economic life will become increasingly prominent.
classified by general practitioners in accordance with institutional context before prestashop background of practitioners institutions, advisory bodies will be divided into three categories:
1, academic. Mainly in the domestic institutions of the scholars, experts and their students based team, they became the main local management consulting. They tend to theoretical research, used to provide enterprises with a number of universal programs. A certain extent, this goes against the reality of the expectations of management consulting needs. However, they act as management knowledge, the management concept of
2, Western, and returnees. Enter the Chinese market mainly multinational consulting firm, and its motivation is: the one hand, the attractiveness of the Chinese market, one is for the old customers to provide services in the Chinese market. We believe that returnees also belongs to a branch of a Western, they are mainly returned overseas MBA graduates leave the multinational consulting firms and independent entrepreneurs, senior manager of foreign companies. They are adhering to the western management concepts and methods, a mature business model.
3, Shi Zhanpai. Commonly known as the road camp, mainly by the rich professional knowledge and rich practical experience of management teams. Most of them graduated from prestigious universities, long-term engaged in business management, management theory in practice, the use of some perception, some once a multinational consulting company's customers, the results are inspired by the advanced management consulting. They Evolution by the logic levels and logic in accordance with the level and evolution of thought into management consulting, technology-based and methods based
1, thought-based companies: management consulting primarily management ideas and technology in the process of practical guidance services However, practice at the same time acting on the advice itself, to produce wisdom and theoretical sublimation to form a new management ideas, management ideas can be said to form a new management process is the process of generating the master, such as theory of corporate culture, creating a McKinsey Peters. Thomas; Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has created Kaplan, others such as learning organization, and Peter. Senge and so on.
thinking based companies face a major change management for the enterprise, the new management ideas can effectively guide the business practice. Meanwhile, there is lack of acclimatization risk management thinking.
2, technical companies: to new management ideas into practice, it must be its evolution into a specific management techniques, such as the . Therefore, technology-based consulting firm, is virtuemart template the pipelined mode of operation, that is only a set of standardized tools, and in every industry use of such standardized tools, is to tell the corporate answer. Consultants are accustomed to the framework of the mind to organize things with their mode of de facto to prescribe to the enterprise, and come to a solution, but business has its own personality, Performance in the consultation process is the customer not be able to put their program into action.
technology company is more suitable to solve very specific business problems, technical issues, such as HR. However, the technology-based technology consulting tend to avoid the problem, but will it try to shift into the corporate decision-making problems.
technology-based company is the mainstay of the market, according to our findings, the Beijing consulting firm, 87% belong to this type, the products, the technology itself, so homogeneous competition severe, especially in human resource consulting areas, we are selling templates, such as the HAY job evaluation techniques, and CRG, so there will be dozens of copies of a well-known consulting firm HR advisory report together with different names is almost the only customers this strange phenomenon. Culture in the company, mostly profit-oriented, a consulting center, money for the radius, rather than money for the center, consulting as radius.
3, method-based companies: As mentioned above, management consulting primarily management ideas and technology in the process of practical guidance services, management consulting services to a single object, each set of plans are highly personalized, is based on the needs of the object tailored; Second, it must be materialized form of the results of products, with improved systemic, such as consultation reports, data analysis models, and not simply the management ideas and management techniques, more than suggestions or ideas; the same time, the standard measure of quality of service is the outcome of the operational, customer output is not theory, not the knowledge and technology, but a real solution; In addition, the management consulting business consultants to carry out general requirements business people and business together constitute the appropriate project team, formed a close partnership between the two sides together to find answers; a good generation of management consulting program should be interactive. The generation of the entire program is built on the two sides should be full and extensive communication, based on, but not divorced from the reality that this interaction not only with the highest level, but also with the middle, primary managers of the communication and understanding reached a consensus standard and according to this criteria to evaluate alternatives, and finally get the final program. This is the so-called Only then will it be possible to ensure the operability of the program, and only workable solution to the enterprise can bring real value and meaning, it can be said of a poor implementation of the program is no added value to the enterprise, is not for the enterprise create value, even for the enterprise is a misleading and a waste of human and financial resources.
method based consulting company is the core needs of the market mature.
management consulting consulting firm to evaluate different management projects have their own way. Management consulting projects in the project team to assess the workload of each member; how to determine the person at the same time, the contribution of different; and how to assess the work of one person to work in specific speed is fast or slow?