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Abstract: English is not only used to express tense verb shows action occurred at a time and in which the state, and to speak and the words can be used to show that the interaction between the recipient and the speaker said their or written content attitude. In other words, when the state can not only have the action verb that time of occurrence and the state in which an objective description of features, but also strong interpersonal function. From the perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar, Analysis of English Tense courtesy function, functional responsibility and obligation to express emotional function, the inference function of things, expressing desire to function, evaluation function, explain the function of seven kinds of interpersonal capabilities.
Second, the responsibility and function of general obligations, responsibilities and obligations is a function of the speaker and the audience in order to achieve a particular goal but to assume the responsibilities and obligations, there are instructions (that is, people want to do a thing), commitment (the speaker refers to the directives issued by their own), and other types of determination. Such as: (12) We shall fight him (Hitler) by land, we shall fight him (Hitler) by sea, we shall fight him (Hitler) in the air, until, with God's help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke. sonorous speeches Churchill This is both an expression of Churchill with Hitler's determination to fight in the end, but also exciting, encouraging people to rise up and inspire the people's morale, and to arouse the people to achieve The purpose of Hitler's battle in the end played a good role. Another example: (13) We don't let Mike go until we have the negotiator. (14) We are all three off together tomorrow morning. (13) expressed a determination to the speaker's firmness. It is not just predict the future, and it seems should not change the fact. In the cases (14), the speaker uses are off and not used will be off, but also because he was determined to act in accordance with their own plans. The implication is that people now want to keep him or tell him to do anything else is impossible.
Keywords: English tense; interpersonal function; Systemic Functional Grammar
CLC: H315-Text Search: A :1671 -9476 (2010) 06-0073 -04
systemic-functional grammar to describe the interpersonal function of language put forward, from the actors and the role of communication behavior of the object and purpose of speaking, language has four functions: information statements or ask questions, give or obtain services. And four cross-functional, people can request the use of language, suggestions, or express the wishes and aspirations, etc.; can also use language to express their feelings, attitudes, evaluations, judgments, or that actors euphemism of speech acts and so on. Language of these features can be manifested through a variety of ways, sometimes through modal verbs (can, may, need, used to), and sometimes can also be tense to reflect. So far, our linguists on the interpersonal function focused mainly on modal verbs, discourse, person, voice, passive voice, etc., of the English tense interpersonal function studies are rare. This paper from the perspective of Systemic Functional Grammar, Analysis of English tense interpersonal function. Interpersonal function of language is the language has to express the speaker's status, attitudes, motives, and his inference of things, judgments and evaluation functions. English grammatical category of tense is, it is generally used to indicate the verb which occurred in the time and the state, in verbal communication, it can also be used to indicate the words to speak and the interaction between the recipient and the speaker of the said or written content of their attitude. The English state with strong interpersonal function. Learn and understand the English state has the interpersonal function, for we pay attention to the interpersonal use of language correctness and appropriateness, is of great help.
Third, the emotional expression of functional English, many ways to express emotions,
tory burch outlet, the means available vocabulary, grammar tools can also be used. Syntax means not only those of different types of sentences (declarative, interrogative, exclamatory and imperative sentences), English tenses are often used to express people's feelings. Present / past continuous and used in conjunction with frequency adverbs, etc., usually indicates the speaker for some sort of recurring emotional behavior, such as surprise, complaint, boredom, dissatisfaction, or recognition and praise, etc. For example: (15) He is always thinking of doing more for the people. (Commended) (16) She was always changing her mind [13] 483. (Dissatisfaction) is now complete in progress, and all for the same tense, also with a certain modality color, such as that This modality of color in general do not have the time adverbial, the particularly prominent. For example: (17) You have been deceiving me. (Said angrily) (18) You have been giving me every-thing [12] 490. (Gratitude) the reason why more than four colors to bring the emotions, and the temporal the basic semantics. The basic semantics of the tense state of the language to use when the rationale is the
example: (7) I'm hoping you'll give me some ad-vice. (8) I'm wondering if I may have a word with you. Hope, etc. The verb is used in the past for , it means the speaker can hope to achieve on their own lack of confidence, the tone is not sure, then by the words of those who left to the discretion and space to think, I gave the speaker left room for maneuver, which seems polite. For example: (9) I was hoping you could send me some books. (10) I was wondering If you'd like to come out with me one evening. The simple past tense and can be used to indicate when the euphemism for the tone, but generally when the tone of the past as to when the euphemism of a strong, off than when the past is now in progress for more tactfully, politely. The ascending order of politeness as follows: (11) I hope you can send me some books. I hoped you could send me some books. I am hoping you can send me some books. I was hoping you could send me some books.
example: (1) Come and have dinner with us. (2) Do have some more tea. (3) Shall I help you? (4) A: Could I use your phone? B: Yes , of course you can. In cases (3) (4), we can only use the present tense modal verbs shall and can, not the past tense modal verbs should and could, to show the speaker voice recognition as much as possible to others that convenience, let yourself eat a little loss,
abercrombie ireland, resulting in the manipulation of communication both feel respected. Past tense in many cases does not mean that the last time, but that the speaker of a tentative or polite manner, so that words seem tactful,
tory burch outlet, polite and decent to avoid presumptuous, offensive or arrogant. This usage is common in that question, request or provide them to speak, than the corresponding present tense of some use more tactful. English can make use of this verb want, think, hope, wonder, etc. For example: (5) --- Did you want me? --- Yes, I hoped you would give me a hand with this little job ... (6) We wondered if you would look after the baby for an hour. cases (5) (6) expression is present (not past) ideas and attitudes. In general, the performance is usually the case in the present tense. However,
mbt shoes ireland, in these two cases, with the present tense seems to be rather abrupt and difficult to refuse; but with the simple past tense, the tone seemed mildly, because generally that is the last time the words of the speaker's past thinking rather than the current plan , time distance gave rise to psychological distance, and this time the distance of the past can make the words become real indirectly, to produce a kind of indirect language ability, may have been refused to leave room so that the words seems decent manners. Now for that variability, giving leeway to ask the tone is more gentle, tactful, tone is very positive, there is room for negotiation. Present progressive tense and more views of the speaker with the verb form used in conjunction, when compared with the general tone of euphemism, politeness. This phenomenon is increasing in modern English.
such as during the tense of the sentence and then add the other frequency adverbs always, even more emphasis on the continuous (or repeated) continued resistance, then the sentence is no longer a habit of narrative, and is an exaggeration, but exaggeration is a kind of emotional color to bring personal statement. As the past tense is usually expressed in the past events, and now the time has nothing to do, so people in the expression of ideas, often with the use of general in the past when this to express different kinds of emotional significance. For example, when you want to see someone, thought he was gone, then happened to find him still, you will be pleasantly surprised to say: (19) I thought you were leaving. (=... But now I see you haven ' t started.) [15] 57 when you thought someone very mind, and later was not the case, you will inevitably be a little disappointed to say: (20) I gave you credit for being more sen sible. (= YouarelesssensiblethanIthought.) [15] 57 In addition, the For example: (21) I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.
an implementation of politeness features Mr. Hu Zhuanglin On the interpersonal function of language, said: usage of both the two sub-criteria, and its meaning the concept of Present tense of When we invite others to share something (invite sb. To do sth.) Or when we offered to someone Service (offer to do sth. For sb.), We used to express the imperative sentence, interrogative or declarative sentences can also be used. His words directly, enthusiasm, showing the speaker's generous, frank, so that by the words of those who find it difficult to refuse. More by the words of those who benefit from the speaker to say more polite.
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