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F-18
U.S. F-18 McDonnell Douglas and the promise set by the U.S. fighters, the U.S. aircraft carrier into the main clan. F-18 nicknamed the F-18 . Derivative models including the F/A-18E/F, EA-18G and so on.
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Development of improved models of evolution of F-18A Hornet 1 species is the first production F/A-18 is a supersonic, multi-purpose fighter / attack aircraft type F/A-18C fiscal year 1986 to buy the single-seat F/A-18E/F in the -18 (Hornet), nicknamed the Hornet is a carrier-based F-18 fighters, A-18 is a carrier-based attack aircraft. Since both are based on the same prototype developed, that one machine and two type, the body completely - like, but in somewhat different weapons, so collectively the F/A-18, the same nickname called . While the U.S. Air Force in 1974 that VFAX plan was called, later renamed the Naval Air Combat Fighter program. Northrop Corporation in 1974, YF-17 YF-16 prototype in the competition failed, fortunately, not to waste the work of Northrop in 1975 their YF-17 chosen by the Navy, which is F / A-18 prototype. Since 1986, McDonnell Douglas, based on the type of improvements F/A-18A/B produced F/A-18C/D. January 1976 the U.S. Navy has signed a contract with McDonnell Douglas and the McDonnell Douglas (now merged into Boeing) Northrop-based and jointly developed with the F/A-18 The development of carrier-based aircraft 比诺斯罗普 McDonnell Douglas has more experience and was selected as the company responsible for manufacturing the forward fuselage, cockpit, wings, horizontal stabilizer, landing gear and the blocking hook, and all aircraft assembly. Northrop is responsible for 30% of development work, manufacturing work 40%. After further flight after the prototype, production manufacturing, test flight. F/A-18A/B the first prototype in November 18, 1978 maiden flight in May 1980 delivered to the U.S. Navy. To January 1983 formed operational capability. In addition, the Hornets also become the following seven countries / regions widely used in air combat models: Australia, Canada, Finland, Kuwait, Malaysia, Spain and Switzerland. Order 138, Canada, Australia ordered 75, Spain orders 84, have been part of the delivery. F-18A Hornet is a single-seat, twin-attack aircraft carrier battle. There YF/A- 18A / B, F/A-18A, RF-18A, F/A-18B, F/A-18C and F/A-18D other 6 type, produced a total of 1 137, 150 is a two-seat trainer aircraft, 112 is a reconnaissance. Cost: ex-factory price in 1992 was $ 27,000,000 Single
prototype in flight
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Electric F404 engine
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F-18E / F
Model Evolution F-18A Hornet 1 kind of production is the first major carrier to the fleet air defense and attack aircraft and convoy ships, some of aircraft also used to perform air attacks across the tasks. Used to replace the A-4 and A-7 single-seat attack aircraft. 1983 F-18A undertake combat missions, and soon become the mainstay of the U.S. Navy battle group. U.S. Navy produced a total of 371 F-18A-type machine. F/A-18B. A coach is a type of machine type, serial two-seater, can be used in combat, the official number is TF/A-18A, fuel carrying capacity than the F/A-18A down 6%. Produced a total of 39. The main fire control equipment, including AN/AVQ-28 HUD, AN/AYK-14 the central mission computer (2 sets), AN/APG-65 pulse Doppler radar, multifunction displays, store management device, AN / AWG -21 anti-radiation missile (AGM-78) controller. Implementation of air-ground attack aircraft cockpit displays some changes and is equipped with Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) and laser spot tracker (LST). F-18A Hornet fighter attack weapons control system, including display sub-systems, data processing sub-systems, parameter measurement (sensor) subsystem and store management / control subsystems and other four main parts. Display subsystem including AN/AVQ-28 attack HUD and 3 exactly the same as under the cathode ray tube monitors - multi-function display (MFD), the main monitor display (MasterMonitorDisplay-MMD) and Horizontal Situation Display (HorizontalSituationDisplay-HSD). The main display for all aircraft systems monitoring alarm information and advice information. It is also an alternate device multi-function display, can display FLIR information. Horizontal Situation Display is the main navigation display. Data processing subsystem, including the size of more than 30 computers, such as AN/AYK-14 the central mission computer (2 sets in parallel), the radar signal processor, radar data processor, store management computer, computer display, flight control computer and the atmosphere data computer, all the procedures about 779K. Table 3.1 lists the main and several programmable ROM computer CPU and memory capacity. Parameter measurement subsystem including AN/APG-65 radar, AN/ASN-130 inertial navigation devices, AN/AAS-38 forward-looking infrared device, AN/ASQ-173 laser / rangefinder, and air data sensors. Store management and control subsystems, including AN/AYQ-9 store management systems and AN/AWG-21 missile controllers. During the Gulf War, F/A-18 is the main U.S. combat aircraft fleet. F/A-1B single-seat twin-swept wings and twin vertical tail of the overall layout. Sino-wing cantilever monoplane is, sweep small, motorized front with full-span flaps, trailing edge flaps and a deputy Ji, deflection of trailing edge flaps controlled by computer. Stop down at the ship, the outer wing section can be folded (ailerons located on the outer wing trailing edge). Wing root leading edge is a pair of side bar, out into the cockpit before been on both sides of the aircraft is said to result in 60-degree angle of attack flight. Semi-monocoque body structure, the lower rear fuselage with the landing of the block with hook. Structure of the tail, cantilever, and vertical tail were flat after sweep, flat tail below the wing, flying the aircraft high angle of attack has a good longitudinal stability; slightly outward tilt of the two-level vertical tail at the end of full-motion and the machine on both sides of the fuselage between the wing. For the former three-point landing gear, nose landing gear on take-off with the traction for the ejection. Cockpit, airtight, air conditioning, built-Martin? Baker ejection seat, windshield and forward canopy, respectively, after the open. F/A-18 equipment developed by two General Electric F404-OE-400 turbofan engine than the low-han, a single afterburning thrust of 71.2 kN. Inlet under the fuselage in the wing root. Machine which can carry 4,990 kg of fuel, the nose also can be equipped with the right top of the collection of air refueling. Atlas (20) F/A-18 is a supersonic, multi-purpose fighter / attack plane is characterized by good reliability and maintenance, survival ability, and high angle of attack flight performance and weapons delivery accuracy. According to reports, the aircraft's body is based on the life of 6,000 flight hours designed for airborne electronic equipment MTBF at 30 flight hours, radar MTBF is 100 hours, electronic equipment and consumable goods, 98 % of self-test capability. So far, F/A-18 total of 9 types, a single seat, there are two-seater's. Canadian exports number CF-18A, Australia has F / A a 18A / B, one of Spain's number 18 for the EF, there is a shore-based multi-purpose for export type is F/A-18L type. F/A-18A the basic type, is a single-seat fighter / attack aircraft, mainly used for escort and fleet air defense; if the dress part of the weapons after the attack aircraft, perform ground attack missions. Aircraft wingspan 11.43 m, 17.07 m captain, Height 4.66 m; takeoff weight of 15,740 kg (combat), 22,328 kg (ground attack); maximum level flight speed of 1,910 km / h (high altitude), practical Service ceiling 15,240 m, a combat radius of 740 km (air combat), 1065 km (ground attack), transition range of 3700 km (without aerial refueling). There Hughes AN/AGP-65 airborne digital multi-air and air-tracking radar in the air-to-work state, can track 10 targets, 8 goals to the pilot show. Another ALR-67 radar warning receiver, four redundant flight control system and two AYK-14 digital computer, and Litton's inertial navigation system, two of Caesar's first multi-function display and Phelan / The Dick Slovakia's center-screen display and almost visual displays. Have a major arms 20 mm cannon, Beitan 570 hair. There are nine pylons, two wingtip pylons can be accessed by one each. AIM-9L can carry drop tanks or surface weapons; in the nacelle frame under the two can be connected with pod, etc.; located in the fuselage centerline pylon could be linked to external fuel tanks or weapons. F / A a 1BC and also with the advanced D-air missiles in the distance and the F/A-18 combat functions can be said to be comprehensive and balanced. Although the win air superiority, fleet air cover the ability of the aircraft carrier, F/A-18A/B/C/D not as good as F-14. However, on the ground, sea attack capabilities, F/A-18 F-14 is much higher than that. Therefore, with the F-14 partner in the period, F/A-18 also important position. F/A-18C type of fiscal year 1986 purchase of single-seat F/A-18C can take away from the air to air missiles and advanced in the Airborne jammer using self-defense, surveillance equipment, the new C-type to make the first flight in 1986, began shipping in September 1987. From October 1989 after the delivery of C-type, and can carry all weather night attack missions for the use of equipment, including forward-looking infrared detection system, navigation pod, the new HUD and the pilots night vision goggles. 1 started in 1991, F/A-18C start using F404-GE-402EPE enhance engine performance, thrust 7,900 kg, an increase over the previous 700 kg-type. Dress and the original AN/APG-65 radar into AN/APG-73 radar. Produced a total of 398. F/A-18D is a C-machine two-seat, only the front cabin of the aircraft with flight control. In addition to its two-seat trainer things, as a for a two-seat night attack aircraft to use. Mainly for pilots in the back seat of the weapon system manipulation. Its arms control system and C-type machine similar. The first aircraft in May 6, 1988 maiden flight, the first a production D-type with the December 1, 1989 Patterson River Naval Equipment Testing Center. The first implementation of a night attack mission of the D-type machine at May 1, 1999 delivery of 121 assault squadron. Produced a total of 113. F/A-18E/F Shape design using stealth, including the original circular inlet to a square inlet, radar radiation with absorbing coating materials. Greater thrust of the engine change, afterburning thrust of 9986 kg. Extension of 0.86 meters before the fuselage, wingspan of 1.31 meters wider, local wing surface increased 9.29 m2, so wing loading decreases; the horizontal tail has also been increased, sweep angle decreases; wing front edge of the area by 34% larger; wing and fuselage aerodynamic performance improvements that have greatly improved. Its main characteristic is to increase the range, each side wing added at a pylon, and wing mounted inside the pylons of the greatest capacity to 2400kg, increased payload and enhanced combat capability. The electronic system, about 90% and F/A-18C/D general, the radar selected AN/APG-73 (AN/APG-65 the modification). Since January 1991 the U.S. Defense Department announced the cancellation of A-12 development program since the U.S. Navy's main fighter / attack aircraft successor faces no Subsequently, McDonald. Douglas suggested that the existing F/A-18C/D (hereinafter referred to as the C / D type) on the basis of the development of improved F/A-18E/F (referred to as E / F-type) program, in which E for the single-seat, F for the two-seater. 1992, this program has been approved by Congress, when the aid has $ 1,089,000,000, has developed cost estimates need 80 billion U.S. dollars. As planned, the first aircraft E / F will be its first flight in 1995, fighting force formed in 1999, total production is estimated to be 500 or more. However, only the 2002 U.S. Department of Defense procurement of 460 recommendations. Through the efforts, the first aircraft E / F finally in September 18, 1995 the factory, made November 29 maiden flight. February 15, 1996, the second plane (E2) pre-Wai, Vincent arrived in Pago River, Maryland, delivered the U.S. Navy flight test center, ready for flight. The first plane (El) 2 月底 arrive. All seven test machine will be modified during the start test flights in 1996. In 2000, VFA-115 squadron became the first operational squadron of F/A-18E official equipment, and began in June 2002 in the United States, February 2003, By APG73 radar. The radar came from the APG65 radar to improve the retention of the previous antenna and transmitter, the same physical shape, but with the new data processing system, said to increase data processing capacity of 10 times. Maximum detection range of 148 kilometers, tracking mode While Scan (TWS) under the distance of 85 km and can track 10 targets, revealed that one of 8. The radar also has the function of geodetic Doppler beam sharpening, synthetic aperture function of the ability to detect, the pilot can provide a clear picture of the ground, for navigation and target designation. F/A-18E/F engine propulsion mission range of high 35% 41% 50% battery life increase in a long time the two stations can carry more weapons and ammunition to increase the mixed-air or air-ground weapons and flexibility of the (such as the Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) and the Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW)) the perfect complement to the increased load capacity: 8,032 kg external load for two additional four stations inside the wing tip stations, used to carry other Two fuel tanks or surface weapons cabin fuselage stations, tanks used to carry weather sensors, air-radar and a control system for precision-guided weapons launched a conventional or centerline station, used to carry extra fuel or surface weapons to upgrade the cockpit: a touch-sensitive front-end control panel; a larger multi-color LCD display; and a new engine fuel display. Performance F/A-18E F/A-18E pilot 18.31 m, Height 4.88 meters, wingspan (including wingtip missiles) 13.62 m, (folding wings) 9.32 m, wing area 46.45 m 2, show string than 4.00. F/A-18E empty weight 13,387 kg, the maximum internal fuel 6,531 kg, the maximum external fuel 4,436 kg, the maximum external load of 8,051 kg, take-off weight (attack mission) 29,937 kilograms. F/A-18E maximum level flight speed of M1.8 +, maximum speed (medium thrust) M1.0 +, service ceiling 15,240 m, air patrol time (in the distance with six missiles, three 1818 liters fuel tank from an aircraft carrier 278 km) 2 hours and 15 minutes. F/A-18E/F combat capability has been questioned a former F-14 is the uncontested top dog. F-14 is to ensure that the Cold War to the turn of the century later, the U.S. naval air strength in the absolute advantage. It is also F-14 aircraft carrier battle groups to the Americans firmly in control of the sea the air, thus ensuring the sea. At the same time, F-14 also gives the U.S. military in the sea near the coast and inland over the command of the air provided a guarantee for the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps enemy attacks from the sea to remove the air barrier. Others say the U.S. Navy F-14 equipment, the U.S. aircraft carrier battle group during the safest, most imposing, most spectacular time. However, to the 21st century, F-14 have been Early 90s of last century, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States lost its most powerful opponent. The face of new threats and challenges, and to reduce costs, reduce cost, the Americans rejected the development of the F-22 Navy programs, and gave up the new F-14 developed a modified plan, the choice of R & D F / A-18C / D for improved --F/A-18E/F to replace F-14. F/A-18 attack aircraft itself fighting a major task on the ground, sea attack, rather than combat. F/A-18 joined the U.S. Navy would have been to replace the A-7 attack aircraft. F/A-18E/F is F/A-18C/D amplification and improved model, how strong their combat capability in the end, has been subject to many experts, scholars, and aviation enthusiasts doubt. If, F/A-18C/D is the third generation fighter, the F/A-18E/F can not be considered the fourth generation, can only be counted as three generations of a half. Because of its F-22, F-35 the gap is still obvious. The nickname is the F/A-18 Although a certain improvement, but not revolutionary change. Those who think Radar F/A-18E/F F-14 much less the diameter of the largest, and its ability to compare the detection of air F-14; F-14 with variable-geometry wing, in flight performance has a lot more than F / A-18E / F; F-14 can carry and launch of F-14 better. What's more, F/A-18E/F F-35C's future is to partner on the main task of ground attack. So, in the future who will ensure the U.S. Navy's air superiority it? Some also say that the U.S. Navy fighter aircraft with three generations of half a dozen sufficient to meet the next two decades the existence of any threat. Some even believe that the face of Russia and other countries to develop and equip a new generation of fighters, the Americans only restart the Navy's F-22 program, so that improved the F-22 aircraft carrier service, to ensure U.S. air superiority and sea . Some people even make a direct development of fifth generation fighter hypersonic, to equip the U.S. Navy air force. How exactly the real situation, how would the future development of the situation, there will be what kind of phenomena and outcomes, F/A-18E/F can take a leading role, F-22 and F/A-18E/F how the fate of people still wait and see. Airborne equipment factory in 2002 the first batch of 25 F/A-18E/F changed the overall design of the avionics system, the replacement of the computer and software facelift for the future active phased array radar APG79 preparation. The U.S. Navy plans to install the new F/A-18E/F APG-79 active phased array radar. The new radar data sharing network center will provide favorable conditions. Raytheon company to prepare for the Boeing 415 of the radar, part of the aircraft used for new production equipment and one for the conversion has been in the Navy's F/A-18E/F fighter 123 (aircraft original equipment mechanical scanning of the APG-73 radar). In terms of electronic and optoelectronic countermeasures, E / F-type ready to adopt the Integrated Defense Electronic Warfare System (IDECM), the core component is AN/ALQ214 radio frequency jammers, and also can be integrated ALR67 (V) 3 radar warning device, AAR-57 Common missile warning device, AN/ALE-47 chaff and infrared decoy spread control points, ALE-50 (ALE-55) fiber optic towed decoy (which can emit electromagnetic wave, attracting radar-guided missiles), and other combat equipment, to form an overall optical and electronic countermeasures systems. May also be used on the F/A-18E/F laser infrared countermeasures system, with a specific wavelength of laser emission laser infrared seeker to take the initiative of the interference. F/A-18E/F can carry a variety of tactical pod. Including the newly developed Raytheon ATFLIR advanced FLIR pod. The pod is a third-generation infrared staring focal plane array imaging technology to provide navigation, target function, and are equipped with laser target designator. In 1999 the Navy also began development of two-seat F/A-18F type shared reconnaissance pod (SHARP), hope to use equipment that pod equipped F/A-18F to replace the current F-14 TARPS the aircraft, so that The ability to have the tactical reconnaissance. The system uses optical and infrared sensors, allowing the F/A-18F in the diagonal distance of 83KM from the collection of images, and through the data link transmission to the ground. The pod can also accept APG73 synthetic aperture radar data. After all these improvements, F/A-18E/F operational capability has been enhanced. Improved maneuverability of aircraft remained unchanged, 9,000 meters above the climb and acceleration decreased slightly. Maximum overload reduced to from 9G 7G, may reduce the moment of hovering ability, but as long as the agility to maintain adequate, with the helmet-mounted display and large off-axis emission AIM9X missiles, short-range air combat performance will not be affected now. Now Super-horizon air combat the growing importance of air combat. As can be seen from the above description, F/A-18E/F with advanced radar and electronic warfare systems, excellent ergonomics, and have a certain stealth capabilities, with AIM120 missiles, combat capability over the horizon in the third-generation fighter that should be relatively strong. If the Dress active phased array radar, will further enhance this capacity. Attacks in the implementation of its mandate, they also can carry AIM120 missile threat can rely on the experience of air attacks over the horizon from the Guardian. APG73 are equipped F/A-18E/F radar has a good ground detection. With the radar altimeter, GPS navigation systems and digital maps, can high-speed low-altitude penetration; also fired long-range land-attack missile standoff to reduce operational risk. ATFLIR its advanced equipment, forward-looking infrared pod in the night, low altitude of the aircraft penetration. F/A-18G Growler (Growler) G combat aircraft design (drafting). As the U.S. Navy to provide 20 billion dollars only development costs, not enough to support the new aircraft's trial, after several twists and turns in the September 2001 update reached agreement on development of electronic attack aircraft, new aircraft model as EA-18G. 2001 年 9 months, officially changed its name to EA-18 electronic warfare aircraft, in November 2001, completed the first test flight to verify the vibration data and electromagnetic compatibility. December 2003, the U.S. Navy announced will be implemented in 2004 the new EA-18G electronic warfare aircraft development and validation phase of the program. Navy going to let EA-6B Prowler in 2010, retired and replaced by F/A-18G Growler (Growler). and before the other aircraft used for such tasks compared to the Hawk) with the implementation of such an unmanned aircraft radar jamming mission. The aircraft is in the 5 AN/ALQ-99 tactical jamming pod to perform on the battlefield electronic suppression task, and ground surveillance radar jamming enemy radar guided. Meanwhile, airborne surveillance and communications with strong interference, by tapping the enemy communication and command and control lines, fighting for the fleet to create conditions for air attacks. F/A-18G aircraft will be expected to achieve initial operational capability in 2009. Navy's current plan is to buy 90 EA-18G electronic warfare aircraft. Not long ago, the news shows that in the U.S. military in an internal simulation exercise, a F/A-18G beat the F/A-22. It was also a chance that this is only an accident, and some people think it is the Americans to expand the can play a very important role.
F/A-18E advanced cockpit
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APG-79 active phased array radar
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can carry all kinds of weapons
[7] the performance of F/A-18 combat patrol combat action for the first time in February 1985 to August, the U.S. Navy Attack Squadron deployed 25,113 aircraft carrier Constellation, to the Western Pacific perform deployment tasks and the Indian Ocean region. In 1986, Libya's Gaddafi to Gulf of Sidra as Libyan territorial waters, vessels shall not be adopted in other countries. President Reagan ordered the U.S. aircraft carrier Coral Sea to the Sidra Gulf freedom of navigation operations to start . F/A-18 aircraft carrier on combat air patrol protecting the implementation of carrier battle groups. F/A-18 often Libyan MiG and Su -22 -23,25 intercept, and sometimes a few meters away from the Libyan aircraft. In March 1986's radiation missile for the first time in actual combat operations. April 15, 1986 , a total of 190 F/A-18 war, the Navy has 106, with 84 Marines. In operation, a loss in the battle, two losses in non-combat incidents. another three by the SAM attack , but returned to base, after the maintenance and recovery operations. In the January 17, 1991, two U.S. Navy F/A-18C two Iraqi MiG -21 and opportunities, F/A-18C with AIM-9 attack in these two MiG aircraft, the goal in Iraq put 908 kg of bombs. November 6, 2002, Abraham Lincoln aircraft carrier deployed for the first time in actual combat operations F/A-18E/F, the use of precision guided ammunition, two Sam missiles against Iraq, a command, control and communications facilities to implement the combat.
F/A-18F aircraft carrier
[8] film 'Phantom of the Opera', a large United States in 1996 Bigger Bang Hornets '. American movies 'fighter, the film came to rescue the protagonist at the end of two F/A-18 aircraft is in the 18 Godzilla destroyed a large quantity of eggs in the Madison gym, and hit a bridge in the Godzilla. in the internal code F/A-18A. purchased 75 (57 single-seat, 18 seat), active 71, lost four accidents. The first aircraft in October 29, 1984 delivered to the Royal Australian Air Force. In 2001 there were four Kea deployed to Diego Garcia (Diego Garcia) as air defense missions in support of the United States in Afghanistan (Afghanistan) Taliban (Taliban) in combat operations. the whole fleet planning retirement in 2015, by the new F/A-18F > Kuwait Kuwait Air Force (Al Quwwat Aj Jawwaiya Al Kuwaitiya) Switzerland Air Force (Schweizer Luftwaffe) initially did not have a ground attack capability, the follow-up was purchased with the hardware equipment for ground attack. Purchase of 34, serving 33, 1 D losses in the crash configuration. Finland Finnish Air Force (Suomen Ilmavoimat) using pure interceptor version of F-18C / D. purchased 64, active 63, a loss in 2001, the air collision incident occurred. The first frame on June 7, 1995 delivered. Malaysia, Royal Malaysian Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia, using the two-seat interceptor version of the F-18D) Canada Canada Royal Air Force bought 138, attachment of the Canadian Air Force Command (Canadian Forces Air Command .) internal code name for the McDonnell Douglas CF-18A, but the Canadian military will be renamed models code-named CF-18A (single seat) and CF-18B (two-seater). the whole fleet is now avionics and structural upgrade program will be in service until 2020. Spain Spain Royal Air Force (Ejército del Aire,nike air force 1, Model NO renamed C.15) entry for more Atlas Atlas Reference 1
West Creek Collection

http: / / http://www.afwing.com/intro/viper_vs...8prototype.jpg
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Figure sea tuhigh

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China Ningbo Net

http://www.cnnb.com.cn/new-gb/pic/0/.../359648_043799. jpg
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West Creek Collection

http://www.afwing.com/intro/viper_vs_cobra/f18f% 20intake.JPG
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West River Code Tibetan

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scenery Taizhou

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Eastern Military

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JERUSALEM

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Further reading: 1
news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2008-01/09/content_7390739_5.htm
2
bbs.cqvip.com/html/577/370336.shtml
3
qkzz.net/magazine/1009-5586/2005/01/7311_2.htm
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http://www.airforce.gov.au/-- Royal Australian Air Force Official website
Open Category: military, aircraft, weapons, fighters I have to perfect the